Abstract
Microwave-assisted extraction of Trigona propolis in closed vessel was applied to reduce the extraction duration and volume of solvent. The effects of operating parameters (temperature, duration, power applied and sample to solvent ratio) on the extract yield, total phenolic, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity measured by DPPH method were measured after extraction. Without temperature control, propolis extract showed improvement in yield and quality by extending the extraction duration at low microwave power. However, the yield dropped significantly and the ethanolic solvent was released when the vessel pressure increased dramatically at higher power applied. The effects of extraction duration, temperature and the sample to solvent ratio were further investigated using a constant power of 300 W with temperature control. As long as the temperature was precisely controlled below 125°C, propolis extraction can be accomplished in shorter time (15 min) and less solvent (sample to solvent ratio of 1:5 (w/v)) without degradation compared to maceration.
Acknowledgements
The author would like to acknowledge the Ministry of Higher Education of Malaysia for providing MyMaster. The author would also like to thank the Universiti Sains Malaysia for funding the research through APEX Delivering Excellence Grant 2012 (1002/PJKIMIA/910347).
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Supplemental Material
The online version of this article (DOI: 10.1515/ijfe-2015-0106) offers supplementary material, available to authorized users.
©2015 by De Gruyter
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Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Selected Papers from MAS2014 Workshop
- Special Section “Selected papers from the workshop on Modeling and Simulation of Food Processing and Operations of the MAS 2014 conference (Bordeaux, September 10–12, 2014)”
- Three-Dimensional CFD Simulation of a “Steam Water Spray” Retort Process for Food Vegetable Products
- Temperature Analysis of the Water Supply System of a Dairy Company by Means of a Simulation Model
- Multi-Product Inventory-Routing Problem in the Supermarket Distribution Industry
- Decision Support System, Based on the Paradigm of the Petri Nets, for the Design and Operation of a Dairy Plant
- Critical Reviews
- Rice: Parboiling and Milling Properties
- A Review of Drying Processes in the Production of Pumpkin Powder
- Original Research Articles
- Modelling of Changes in Postharvest Quality Parameters of Stored Carrots Subjected to Pre- and Postharvest Treatments
- Evaluation of Viscosity of Non-Newtonian Liquid Foods with a Flow Tube Instrument
- Characterization of Pyrolysis Products Obtained from Desmodesmus sp. Cultivated in Anaerobic Digested Effluents (DADE)
- The Effects of Nano-SiO2 on Mechanical, Barrier, and Moisture Sorption Isotherm Models of Novel Soluble Soybean Polysaccharide Films
- Adsorption and Desorption Studies of Anthocyanins from Black Peanut Skins on Macroporous Resins
- Convective Air Drying Characteristics and Qualities of Non-fried Instant Noodles
- Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Trigona Propolis: The Effects of Processing Parameters