Abstract
The effects of moisture content on the grinding characteristics of black soybeans were studied. The average particle size of the black soybean powder was smaller as the moisture content was decreased by drying. Bond’s constants and the work index showed lower values as the moisture content decreased. A sigmoid model accurately described the grinding kinetics of the black soybean powder (R2 > 0.90). The parameters in the sigmoidal models were useful to explain the effect of moisture content during grinding. However, at higher moisture contents, the sigmoid model did not accurately fit the grinding kinetics. The grinding characteristics of black soybeans showed a strong dependence on moisture content. Adjusting the moisture contents of black soybeans using a pretreatment such as drying is very important to control the grinding characteristics, including the energy consumption and the average particle size, during grinding.
Acknowledgments
This study was supported by 2013 Research Grant from Kangwon National University (No. 120131463).
References
1. KimHG, KimGW, OhH, YooSY, KimYO, OhMS. Influence of roasting on the antioxidant activity of small black soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill). LWT – Food Sci Technol2011;4:992–8.10.1016/j.lwt.2010.12.011Search in Google Scholar
2. LeeJH, ChoKM. Changes occurring in compositional components of black soybeans maintained at room temperature for different storage periods. Food Chem2012;1:161–9.10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.08.052Search in Google Scholar
3. KimH, KimJN, HanSN, NamJ, NaH, HaTJ. Black soybean anthocyanins inhibit adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. Nutr Res2012;10:770–7.10.1016/j.nutres.2012.06.008Search in Google Scholar
4. FAO – Food Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Crops. Italy, 2012. Available at: http://faostat.fao.org. Accessed: Sept 2013.Search in Google Scholar
5. LeeYJ, YoonW. Effects of particle size and heating time on thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test of soybean powder. Food Chem2013;2–3:841–50.10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.11.113Search in Google Scholar
6. Nilufer-ErdilD, ServentiL, BoyaciogluD, VodovotzY. Effect of soy milk powder addition on staling of soy bread. Food Chem2012;4:1132–9.10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.09.078Search in Google Scholar
7. IndiraTN, BhattacharyaS. Grinding characteristics of some legumes. J Food Eng2006;2:113–18.10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.04.040Search in Google Scholar
8. KemdemAT, HardyJ. Influence of various conditions on meat grinding characteristics. J Food Eng1995;2:179–96.10.1016/0260-8774(94)00020-ASearch in Google Scholar
9. DjantouEB, MbofungCM, ScherJ, DesobryS. A modelling approach to determine the effect of pre-treatment on the grinding ability of dried mangoes for powder production (Mangifera indica Var Kent). J Food Eng2007;2:668–77.10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2006.07.003Search in Google Scholar
10. McCabeWL, SmithJC, HarriottP. Unit operations of chemical engineering. Singapore: McGraw-Hill, 1993.Search in Google Scholar
11. WaldeSG, BalaswamyK, VeluV, RaoDG. Microwave drying and grinding characteristics of wheat (Triticum aestivum). J Food Eng2002;3:271–6.10.1016/S0260-8774(02)00101-2Search in Google Scholar
12. Barbosa-C’anovasGV, Ortega-RivasE, JulianoP, YanH. Food powders: physical properties, processing, and functionality. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2005.Search in Google Scholar
13. DzikiD. Effect of preliminary grinding of the wheat grain on the pulverizing process. J Food Eng2011;4:585–91.10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2011.01.021Search in Google Scholar
14. PanZ, TangratanavaleeW. Characteristics of soybeans as affected by soaking conditions. LWT – Food Sci Technol2003;1:143–51.10.1016/S0023-6438(02)00202-5Search in Google Scholar
15. NizamutdinovaIT, KimYM, ChungJI, ShinSC, JeongY, SeoHG, et al. Anthocyanins from black soybean seed coats stimulate wound healing in fibroblasts and keratinocytes and prevent inflammation in endothelial cells. Food Chem Toxicol2009;11:2806–12.10.1016/j.fct.2009.08.016Search in Google Scholar
16. WaldeSG, BalaswamyK, ShivaswamyR, ChakkaravarthiA, RaoDG. Microwave drying and grinding characteristics of gum karaya (Sterculia urens). J Food Eng1997;3:305–13.10.1016/S0260-8774(96)00082-9Search in Google Scholar
17. KalkanF, KaraM. Handling, frictional and technological properties of wheat as affected by moisture content and cultivar. Powder Technol2011;213:116–22.10.1016/j.powtec.2011.07.015Search in Google Scholar
18. MuhamadII, CampbellGM. Effect of kernel hardness and moisture content on wheat breakage in the single kernel characterization system. Innovative Food Sci Eng Technol2004;5:119–25.10.1016/j.ifset.2003.10.003Search in Google Scholar
19. WiesenbornD, TostensonK, KangasN. Continuous abrasive method for mechanically fractionating flaxseed. J Am Oil Chem Soc2003;3:295–300.10.1007/s11746-003-0692-2Search in Google Scholar
20. PelegM, CorradiniMG, NormandMD. The logistic (Verhulst) model for sigmoid microbial growth curves revisited. Food Res Int2007;7:808–18.10.1016/j.foodres.2007.01.012Search in Google Scholar
21. ZwieteringMH, JongenburgerI, RomboutsFM, Van’t RietK. Modeling of the bacterial growth curve. Appl Environ Microbiol1990;6:1875–81.10.1128/aem.56.6.1875-1881.1990Search in Google Scholar
22. BayramM. Modelling of cooking of wheat to produce bulgur. J Food Eng2005;2:179–86.10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2004.10.032Search in Google Scholar
23. FitzpatrickJJ, BarringerSA, IqbalT. Flow property measurement of food powders and sensitivity of Jenike’s hopper design methodology to the measured values. J Food Eng2004;3:399–405.10.1016/S0260-8774(03)00147-XSearch in Google Scholar
©2014 by De Gruyter
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Grinding Characteristics of Black Soybeans (Glycine max) at Varied Moisture Contents: Particle Size, Energy Consumption, and Grinding Kinetics
- Design and Development of Low-Cost Makhana Grading and Roasting Machine
- Investigation of Consecutive Fouling and Cleaning Cycles of Ultrafiltration Membranes Used for Whey Processing
- Kinetic Models of Evaporation and Total Phenolics Degradation during Pomegranate Juice Concentration
- Predicting Sorption Isotherms and Net Isosteric Heats of Sorption of Maize Grains at Different Temperatures
- Estimating Some Physical Properties of Sour and Sweet Cherries Based on Combined Image Processing and AI Techniques
- Functional Properties of Re-fabricated Rice as Affected by Die During Extrusion Process
- Isolation and Characterization of Corncob Cellulose Fibers using Microwave-Assisted Chemical Treatments
- Physical Properties of Red Guava (Psidium guajava L.) Pulp as Affected by Soluble Solids Content and Temperature
- Levels of Fluoride in the Ethiopian and Imported Black Tea (Camellia sinensis) Infusions Prepared in Tap and Fluoride-Rich Natural Waters
- Process Optimization and Quality Analysis of Carambola (Averrhoa carambola L.) Wine
- Physical Properties of Gluten-Free Bread Made of Corn and Chickpea Flour
- In Vitro Anti-tumor Effects of Chemically Modified Polysaccharides from Cherokee Rose Fruit
- Optimization of Ohmic Heating of Fish Using Response Surface Methodology
- Response Surface Modeling for Optimization of Textural and Color Characteristics of Dried Grapes
- Response Surface Analysis for Preparation of Modified Flours using Twin Screw Extrusion Cooking
- Modeling the Effects of the Quantity and Particle Size of Wheat Bran on Some Properties of Bread Dough using Response Surface Methodology
- Testing of a Condensation-type Heat Pump System for Low-temperature Drying Applications
- Comparison of Chemical, Textural and Organoleptic Properties of Pastry Sheets with Two Different Additives
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Grinding Characteristics of Black Soybeans (Glycine max) at Varied Moisture Contents: Particle Size, Energy Consumption, and Grinding Kinetics
- Design and Development of Low-Cost Makhana Grading and Roasting Machine
- Investigation of Consecutive Fouling and Cleaning Cycles of Ultrafiltration Membranes Used for Whey Processing
- Kinetic Models of Evaporation and Total Phenolics Degradation during Pomegranate Juice Concentration
- Predicting Sorption Isotherms and Net Isosteric Heats of Sorption of Maize Grains at Different Temperatures
- Estimating Some Physical Properties of Sour and Sweet Cherries Based on Combined Image Processing and AI Techniques
- Functional Properties of Re-fabricated Rice as Affected by Die During Extrusion Process
- Isolation and Characterization of Corncob Cellulose Fibers using Microwave-Assisted Chemical Treatments
- Physical Properties of Red Guava (Psidium guajava L.) Pulp as Affected by Soluble Solids Content and Temperature
- Levels of Fluoride in the Ethiopian and Imported Black Tea (Camellia sinensis) Infusions Prepared in Tap and Fluoride-Rich Natural Waters
- Process Optimization and Quality Analysis of Carambola (Averrhoa carambola L.) Wine
- Physical Properties of Gluten-Free Bread Made of Corn and Chickpea Flour
- In Vitro Anti-tumor Effects of Chemically Modified Polysaccharides from Cherokee Rose Fruit
- Optimization of Ohmic Heating of Fish Using Response Surface Methodology
- Response Surface Modeling for Optimization of Textural and Color Characteristics of Dried Grapes
- Response Surface Analysis for Preparation of Modified Flours using Twin Screw Extrusion Cooking
- Modeling the Effects of the Quantity and Particle Size of Wheat Bran on Some Properties of Bread Dough using Response Surface Methodology
- Testing of a Condensation-type Heat Pump System for Low-temperature Drying Applications
- Comparison of Chemical, Textural and Organoleptic Properties of Pastry Sheets with Two Different Additives