Voltage control of standalone photovoltaic – electrolyzer- fuel cell-battery energy system
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Priyanka Malla
,
Siva Ganesh Malla
and
Rajnish Kaur Calay
Abstract
The study investigates the implementation of novel Neuro-Fuzzy controllers to maintain the power quality for standalone Photovoltaic (PV)-Electrolyzer-Fuel Cell- Battery based power generation systems. Standalone solar based power generation systems are widely becoming popular particularly in the remote areas with no connectivity to a grid. There are challenges to maintain the power output to meet the demand in these standalone systems because of the random nature of solar irradiances, variation of load and no irradiance during night time. The battery bank is required to store the excess energy for use later when required. The battery bank is integrated into a standalone system through a bidirectional DC to DC converter. However, large batteries are costly and require maintenance. Hence, electrolyzer and fuel cell are also integrated with respective DC to DC converters to make a cost effective operation. Small size battery bank is used to stabilize dc-link voltage during transients due to slow dynamics of electrolyzer and fuel cells. The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) device and perturbed and observed algorithm is used for the PV system to operate at maximum utilization. In this paper Neuro-Fuzzy controller based novel controllers are implemented to inverter and DC to DC converters for supplying quality power to both three phase and single phase loads at AC load bus. The presented results are examined through hardware-in-loop on the platform of OPAL-RT to investigate the proposed controllers in all the possible scenarios of a 1 MW standalone system. Results show that the proposed controllers improve the power quality and eliminate the frequency oscillations from the system voltage.
Funding source: ERA-NET Smart Energy Systems
Award Identifier / Grant number: 100470
Funding source: Mission Innovation Joint Call 2019
Award Identifier / Grant number: 100470
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Author contribution: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
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Research funding: This work was supported by ERA-NET Smart Energy Systems and Mission Innovation Joint Call 2019 (MICall19) (grant number is 100470).
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Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
Appendix: Parameters of the battery bank.
The designing of the required battery bank is a very important aspect to supply the continuous power without any interrupt for particular duration of the operation especially in the standalone system. The rating of the battery bank is designed by considering the voltage as well as number of required hours for supplying the power to loads during no power from the PV. In this paper, the current rating of the battery bank is designed for supplying current to 0.5 MW load for 2 h at 480 V of the battery bank. The required current rating (Ah) is calculated by the below equation at 60% of the SoC (i.e., 0.6).
| 480 V, 3.5 kAh rating of the battery bank. | ||
|---|---|---|
| S.No | Parameter | Value |
| 1 | Current rating per battery | 125.0 A |
| 2 | Voltage rating per battery | 48 V |
| 3 | Number of batteries connected in series (string) | 10.0 |
| 4 | Number of strings in parallel | 28.0 |
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© 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Research Articles
- Accounting for current limitation and input saturation in adaptive nonlinear control of fuel cell power system
- Day-ahead and real-time congestion scheduling method for distribution network with multiple access to electric vehicle charging piles
- A real-time hybrid battery state of charge and state of health estimation technique in renewable energy integrated microgrid applications
- Adaptive Single Carrier Modulation scheme based MLI supported TDVC for Voltage Quality enhancement
- Efficiency analysis of dual motor powertrain with planetary gear set
- Information model of low-voltage distribution IoT monitoring terminal based on IEC 61850
- Most Valuable Player based selective harmonic elimination in a cascaded H-bridge inverter for wide operating range
- A new reduced switch double boost five-level inverter with Self-Balancing of Capacitor Voltage
- Voltage control of standalone photovoltaic – electrolyzer- fuel cell-battery energy system
- Bad data identification and fault diagnosis of smart substation based on secondary system information redundancy
- Fault detection method of digital three-dimensional substation based on singular value decomposition
- Blockchain data privacy protection modeling based on CP-ABE algorithm
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Research Articles
- Accounting for current limitation and input saturation in adaptive nonlinear control of fuel cell power system
- Day-ahead and real-time congestion scheduling method for distribution network with multiple access to electric vehicle charging piles
- A real-time hybrid battery state of charge and state of health estimation technique in renewable energy integrated microgrid applications
- Adaptive Single Carrier Modulation scheme based MLI supported TDVC for Voltage Quality enhancement
- Efficiency analysis of dual motor powertrain with planetary gear set
- Information model of low-voltage distribution IoT monitoring terminal based on IEC 61850
- Most Valuable Player based selective harmonic elimination in a cascaded H-bridge inverter for wide operating range
- A new reduced switch double boost five-level inverter with Self-Balancing of Capacitor Voltage
- Voltage control of standalone photovoltaic – electrolyzer- fuel cell-battery energy system
- Bad data identification and fault diagnosis of smart substation based on secondary system information redundancy
- Fault detection method of digital three-dimensional substation based on singular value decomposition
- Blockchain data privacy protection modeling based on CP-ABE algorithm
