Startseite An enhanced implementation of SRF and DDSRF-PLL for three-phase converters in weak grid
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An enhanced implementation of SRF and DDSRF-PLL for three-phase converters in weak grid

  • Arkan A. Hussein ORCID logo EMAIL logo , Abdulbasit H. Ahmed und Natheer M. Mohammed
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 21. März 2022
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International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems
Aus der Zeitschrift International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems Band 24 Heft 3

Abstract

Renewable energy generation systems connected to utility grid require perfect synchronization to grid which is one of the most important issues that needs to be taken into consideration. This paper proposed a hardware-accelerated implementation for the decoupled double synchronous reference frame phase-locked loop (DDSFR-PLL) for grid synchronization in grid-connected converters in weak grid that suffers from phase voltage-unbalance, variable phase and frequency conditions. Since the transformations and filtering of this method is computationally intensive and needs to be executed as fast as possible by the microcontroller unit (MCU) and Due to the presence of other current and voltage regulation loops in the same interrupt service routine (ISR) with high frequency rate, a hardware-based acceleration using the STM32G4x4 MCU built-in filter, filter math accelerator (FMAC) and coordinate rotation digital computer (CORDIC) is used to speed the execution time. This study addresses the description, derivation and implementation of the both DQ-PLL and DDSRF-PLL algorithms. The performance of both pure-software and accelerated implementation is demonstrated, compared and run on a three-level active neutral point clamped (ANPC) converter board. In proposed method, CPU load dropped from 80.5% by using the conventional software implementation to 23.6% (70% load reduction).This reduction in CPU load enables the addition of more features and more advanced current and voltage control algorithms.

Keywords: adaptive PLL; feed-forward PLL; grid synchronization; phase-locked loop
Corresponding author: Arkan A. Hussein, Electrical Engineering Department, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq, E-mail:

  1. Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

  2. Research funding: None declared.

  3. Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.

Appendix I: Inverter circuit parameters

Table 4:

Designed ANPC inverter key specifications.

Parameter Specifications
Output power 15 kW
Output voltage 3 PH + N 400 VAC
Output frequency 50 Hz
Output current 24 AAC (max.)
Nominal input voltage 800 VDC
Input voltage range 600–1100 VDC
Nominal input current 25 ADC
Switching frequency 50 kHz
Efficiency 99.2%
Weight 3.2 kg
Power density 1.5 kW/L

Appendix II: LCL filter design

The main component of output filter is L INV which is calculated by using Eq. (1):

(1) L INV = V DC 8 × f sw × I _ grid _ max × ripple _ percentage

where ripple percentage is the inductor ripple current to be selected to be 40% of the RMS current of the inverter, thus:

L INV = 1100 8 × 50 , 000 × 24 × 0.40 = 286   μH

Two NPF250040 cores were used for each inductor with 37 turns. This yielded a full load inductance of 299 μH.

The primary filter capacitor can be calculated by Eq. (2):

(2) C f = % Q rated 2 π f grid V grid 2

where %Q rated is the total reactive power absorbed by the capacitor which is limited by 5% of the total which is 15 kW/3 or 5 kW for each phase then:

C f = 0.05 × 5000 2 π × 50 × ( 400 3 ) 2 = 14.92   μ F ≈ 15   μ F

To find grid-side inductor value, the attenuation factor between grid inductor and inverter inductor is assumed to be 10%, then, the ratio between grid inductor and inverter inductor r computed from Eq. (3):

(3) r = 1 10 % − 1 | 1 − L GRID × C b × ( 2 × π × f sw ) 2 × % Q |

Or, r = 10 − 1 | 1 − 286 × 10 − 6 × 300 × 10 − 6 × ( 2 π ∗ 50,000 ) 2 × 0.05 | = 2.13 % .

So, the grid-side inductor value is:

L GRID = L INV × r = 2.13 % × 286   μ H = 6.1   μ H

References

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Received: 2021-10-08
Accepted: 2022-03-06
Published Online: 2022-03-21

© 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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  2. Review
  3. Offshore wind transmission in the United States. A collectivist culture versus Europe’s individualistic approach?
  4. Research Articles
  5. Electrical design analyses studies on ultra high voltage air insulated surge arresters
  6. An enhanced implementation of SRF and DDSRF-PLL for three-phase converters in weak grid
  7. Optimal design, techno-economic and sensitivity analysis of a grid-connected hybrid renewable energy system: a case study
  8. Adaptive power management algorithm for multi-source DC microgrid system
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https://doi.org/10.1515/ijeeps-2021-0367
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
adaptive PLL; feed-forward PLL; grid synchronization; phase-locked loop

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Review
  3. Offshore wind transmission in the United States. A collectivist culture versus Europe’s individualistic approach?
  4. Research Articles
  5. Electrical design analyses studies on ultra high voltage air insulated surge arresters
  6. An enhanced implementation of SRF and DDSRF-PLL for three-phase converters in weak grid
  7. Optimal design, techno-economic and sensitivity analysis of a grid-connected hybrid renewable energy system: a case study
  8. Adaptive power management algorithm for multi-source DC microgrid system
  9. Pre-and post-disturbance transient stability assessment using intelligent systems via quick estimating of the critical clearing time
  10. Thermal ageing performance evaluation of TUK and Nomex-910 papers in natural monoesters
  11. Oil temperature prediction of power transformers based on modified support vector regression machine
  12. Parameter optimization of PV integrated Shunt Active power filter with Taguchi SNR
  13. Seven level aligned multilevel inverter with new SPWM technique for PV, wind, battery-based hybrid standalone system
  14. Multi-objective optimal capacity allocation of integrated energy system with co-evolution mechanism
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