Abstract
In transformers, in addition to the primary and secondary coils, there are several other important components and accessories in which the insulating material is one of the most critical components of a transformer. Sufficient insulation between different active parts are necessary for safe operation. Adequate insulation, it is not only necessary to insulate the coils from each other, or from the core and tank, but also guarantees the safety of the transformer against accidental surges, but with the growth in size and complexity of power stations, transformer is facing insulation problems. The evaluation of the transformer overload capacities certainly leads to complex variables that affect the operating life of the power and distribution transformer. In this study, the long-life calculation is performed on the basis of two experiments, which are related to the insulation degradation of the mineral oil and cellulose paper such as by adding different types of nano-particles to the mineral oil to enhance the strength of oil, and by changing the loads under different operating conditions to control the deteriorating rate of the insulation to prevent the life of the transformer. The insulation breakdown strength is improved from 37 kV to 71 kV by mixing the semiconductor nanoparticles such as gadolinium-doped ceria (GDC) and cerium dioxide (CeO2) with mineral oil. Moreover, for cellulose paper, thermal degradation rate is kept below its limit by reducing the temperature when controlling the load.
Acknowledgements
This paper is a part of research project funded by USAID. The research work is carried at USPCAS-E in collaboration with Arizona State University (ASU).
References
[1] Hanbo LR, Zhiqin WK. Reviews on oil-paper insulation thermal aging in power transformers. Trans China Electrotechnical Soc. 2012:5.Suche in Google Scholar
[2] Guo M, Kang X, Xu Y, Zhao C, Zhang Y. Preliminary reliability evaluation for power system considering geomagnetic data. J Eng. 2019;2019:1429–33. DOI:10.1049/joe.2018.8885.Suche in Google Scholar
[3] Christina AJ, Salam MA, Rahman QM, Wen F, Ang SP, Voon W. Causes of transformer failures and diagnostic methods – a review. Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev. 2018;82:1442–56. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.165.Suche in Google Scholar
[4] Su CQ. Case study: lessons learned from the failure of a new 230-kV transformer-cable termination. IEEE Electr Insul Mag. 2010;26:15–9.10.1109/MEI.2010.5383923Suche in Google Scholar
[5] Ziomek W. Transformer electrical insulation. IEEE Trans Dielectr Electr Insul. 2012;19:1841–2.10.1109/TDEI.2012.6396938Suche in Google Scholar
[6] Gabrić P, Mikulecky A, Ilić D. A concept for experimental testing of oil-barrier insulation system. Tehnicki Vjesnik. 2017;24:355–62.Suche in Google Scholar
[7] Lelekakis N, Guo W, Martin D, Wijaya J, Susa D. A field study of aging in paper-oil insulation systems. IEEE Electr Insul Mag. 2012;28:12–9. DOI:10.1109/MEI.2012.6130527.Suche in Google Scholar
[8] Ohta S, Temperature classes of electrical insulators. Technical News, ThreeBond, Issued. 1 December, 1985.Suche in Google Scholar
[9] Emsley A, Stevens G. Review of chemical indicators of degradation of cellulosic electrical paper insulation in oil-filled transformers. IEE Proc-Sci Meas Technol. 1994;141:324–34.10.1049/ip-smt:19949957Suche in Google Scholar
[10] Tripathy SC, Lakervi E. Evaluation of transformer overloading capability. Eur Trans Electr Power. 2005;15:455–64.10.1002/etep.59Suche in Google Scholar
[11] Danikas M. Breakdown in Nanofluids: a short review on experimental results and related mechanisms. Eng Technol Appl Sci Res. 2018;8:3300–9.10.48084/etasr.2136Suche in Google Scholar
[12] You Z, Jiang J, Luo Y. Statistical analysis of AC breakdown voltage for transformer oil. Insul Mater. 2015;48:73–7.Suche in Google Scholar
[13] Wedin P. Electrical breakdown in dielectric liquids-a short overview. IEEE Electr Insul Mag. 2014;30:20–5.10.1109/MEI.2014.6943430Suche in Google Scholar
[14] Lv YZ, Le-feng W, Xiao-xin L, Yue-fan D. Experimental investigation of breakdown strength of mineral oil-based nanofluids. 2011 IEEE International Conference on Dielectric Liquids, IEEE, 2011.Suche in Google Scholar
[15] Emsley A, et al. Degradation of cellulosic insulation in power transformers. Part 4: effects of ageing on the tensile strength of paper. IEE Proc Sci Meas Technol. 2000;147:285–90.10.1049/ip-smt:20000644Suche in Google Scholar
[16] Jarman P, Zhongdong W, Qi Z, Taufiq I. End-of-life modelling for power transformers in aged power system networks. CIGRE 2009 6th Southern Africa Regional Conference, Cape Town, Southern Africa, 2009.Suche in Google Scholar
[17] Hanai M, Hosomi S, Kojima H, Hayakawa N, Okubo H. Dependence of TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticle concentration on electrical insulation characteristics of insulating oil. 2013 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena. 2013 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, IEEE, 2013. DOI:10.1109/CEIDP.2013.6748164.Suche in Google Scholar
[18] Khan I, Abdalla A, Qurashi A. Synthesis of hierarchical WO3 and Bi2O3/WO3 nanocomposite for solar-driven water splitting applications. Int J Hydrogen Energy. 2017;42:3431–9.10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.11.105Suche in Google Scholar
[19] Wang Z, Zhou Y, Lu W, Peng N, Chen W. The impact of TiO2 nanoparticle concentration levels on impulse breakdown performance of mineral oil-based nanofluids. Nanomaterials. 2019;9:627. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9040627.Suche in Google Scholar
[20] Maharana M, Baruah N, Nayak SK, Sahoo N. Comparative study of mechanical and electrical strength of kraft paper in nanofluid based transformer oil and mineral oil. 2017 International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials (ISEIM)2017. 2017 International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials (ISEIM), IEEE, 2017. DOI:10.23919/ISEIM.2017.8166573.Suche in Google Scholar
[21] Zhang Y, Ho SL, Fu W. Heat transfer comparison of nanofluid filled transformer and traditional oil-immersed transformer. AIP Adv. 2018;8:056724.10.1063/1.5006749Suche in Google Scholar
[22] Sartoratto PP, Neto AV, Lima EC, Rodrigues de Sá AL, Morais PC, et al. Preparation and electrical properties of oil-based magnetic fluids. Journal of Applied PhysicsJournal. 2005;97:10Q917. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1855617.Suche in Google Scholar
[23] Sundar LS, Singh MK, Ramana EV, Singh B, Grácio J, Sousa AC. Enhanced Thermal Conductivity and Viscosity of Nanodiamond-Nickel Nanocomposite Nanofluids. Scientific ReportsScientific. 2014:4. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/srep04039.Suche in Google Scholar
[24] Ghica ME, Brett CM. Glucose oxidase inhibition in poly (neutral red) mediated enzyme biosensors for heavy metal determination. Microchim Acta. 2008;163:185–93.10.1007/s00604-008-0018-1Suche in Google Scholar
[25] Agista M, Guo K, Yu Z. A state-of-the-art review of nanoparticles application in petroleum with a focus on enhanced oil recovery. Appl Sci. 2018;8:871.10.3390/app8060871Suche in Google Scholar
[26] Yadav N, Jarial RK, Rao UM. Characterization of mineral oil based Fe3O4 Nanofluid for application in oil filled transformers. IntlJ Electr Eng Inf. 2018:10.10.15676/ijeei.2018.10.2.10Suche in Google Scholar
[27] Liu J, Zhou L, Wu G, Zhao Y. Dielectric frequency response of oil-paper composite insulation modified by nanoparticles. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation. 2012;19:510–20. DOI:10.1109/TDEI.2012.6180245.Suche in Google Scholar
© 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Review
- Wireless Power Transfer Topologies used for Static and Dynamic Charging of EV Battery: A Review
- Research Articles
- Optimal Sizing and Placement of Capacitor Banks and Distributed Generation in Distribution Systems Using Spring Search Algorithm
- Grid Cyber-Physical System Risk Management Model Based on Cooperative Game Theory
- Influence of Series Compensation Degrees on Secondary Arc Current Characteristics under the Different Series Compensation Mode
- Protection Coordination of Radial Distribution Networks Connected with Distributed Generation Considering Auto-reclosing Schemes by Resistive Superconducting Fault Current Limiters
- Efficient Energy Delivery System of the CHP-PV Based Microgrids with the Economic Feasibility Study
- Electric Vehicle Traffic Pattern Analysis and Prediction in Aggregation Regions/Parking Lot Zones to Support V2G Operation in Smart Grid: A Cyber-Physical System Entity
- The Effect of Temperature Change on the Output Characteristics of a Solar Power Plant under Partial Shading Conditions
- A Coordinated Voltage Control Scheme of Distribution Networks with Distributed Generation Based on On-Load Tap Changers and Shunt Capacitors by Particle Swarm Optimization
- Design of Load Frequency Control for a Microgrid Using D-partition Method
- Improved Insulation Durability to Improve Transformer Aging
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Review
- Wireless Power Transfer Topologies used for Static and Dynamic Charging of EV Battery: A Review
- Research Articles
- Optimal Sizing and Placement of Capacitor Banks and Distributed Generation in Distribution Systems Using Spring Search Algorithm
- Grid Cyber-Physical System Risk Management Model Based on Cooperative Game Theory
- Influence of Series Compensation Degrees on Secondary Arc Current Characteristics under the Different Series Compensation Mode
- Protection Coordination of Radial Distribution Networks Connected with Distributed Generation Considering Auto-reclosing Schemes by Resistive Superconducting Fault Current Limiters
- Efficient Energy Delivery System of the CHP-PV Based Microgrids with the Economic Feasibility Study
- Electric Vehicle Traffic Pattern Analysis and Prediction in Aggregation Regions/Parking Lot Zones to Support V2G Operation in Smart Grid: A Cyber-Physical System Entity
- The Effect of Temperature Change on the Output Characteristics of a Solar Power Plant under Partial Shading Conditions
- A Coordinated Voltage Control Scheme of Distribution Networks with Distributed Generation Based on On-Load Tap Changers and Shunt Capacitors by Particle Swarm Optimization
- Design of Load Frequency Control for a Microgrid Using D-partition Method
- Improved Insulation Durability to Improve Transformer Aging