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A comprehensive analysis of household air pollution due to traditional cooking in the himalayan belt

  • Nilanjana Banerjee ORCID logo EMAIL logo , Ashutosh Sharma , Rahul Kumar , Akhil Dubey , Geetanjali Harsh , Amit K. Thakur , Rahul Kumar and Pranava Chaudhari
Published/Copyright: December 19, 2024
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International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering
From the journal International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering Volume 23 Issue 8

Abstract

Household air pollution (HAP) and its health concerns are a significant challenge in the Indian subcontinent and other developing nations. Approximately 4.3 million deaths worldwide are attributed to indoor air pollution rather than outdoor air pollution, most of which occur in low- and middle-income countries. Traditional cookstoves, widely used in rural Himalayan areas of India, Nepal, and Pakistan, emit pollutants like particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO2). These stoves, which burn solid fuels such as wood, dung, charcoal, and agricultural waste, contribute to respiratory infections, cancer, premature mortality, and cardiovascular diseases. Improving biomass cookstoves can help reduce exposure to the harmful indoor air pollutants. This study evaluates household pollution levels in Uttarakhand, India, using direct data collection to determine the daily contaminant exposure. The findings show extremely high PM 2.5 and 10 emissions (2,100 μg/m³ and 5,000 μg/m³, respectively) due to inefficient cookstove design and incomplete fuel combustion. By comparing traditional and improved cookstoves using standardized testing protocols, the study also measures the efficiency and identifies the causes of high emissions. The results corroborated the hypothesis that traditional cookstoves have a very low thermal efficiency of ∼11 %, leading to the high emissions gathered from sensor data. This comparison provides specific insights into the reasons behind high emissions and suggests targeted improvements. The findings suggest potential improvements in cookstove efficiency, offering a foundation for further research and stakeholder involvement to enhance rural livelihoods in India.

Keywords: biomass; cookstove efficiency; household air pollution; particulate matter; traditional cooking; water boiling test
Corresponding author: Nilanjana Banerjee, Department of Chemical Engineering, Energy Cluster, School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India, E-mail:

Acknowledgments

The authors wish to acknowledge Padma Vibhushan Prof. J. B. Joshi’s support and motivation to continue this research. The authors also want to extend their gratitude to Dr. Daniel Sweeney and his team from MIT – D Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA, for providing the sensors. The authors are also grateful to Mr. Akshansh Kataria, Ecoscence Pvt – Ltd for donating the improved cookstoves and the wooden pellets for the experiments.

  1. Research ethics: Not applicable.

  2. Informed consent: Not applicable.

  3. Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

  4. Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.

  5. Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.

  6. Research funding: None declared.

  7. Data availability: Not applicable.

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Received: 2024-09-06
Accepted: 2024-11-28
Published Online: 2024-12-19

© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2024-0182
Keywords for this article
biomass; cookstove efficiency; household air pollution; particulate matter; traditional cooking; water boiling test

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Editorial
  3. Preface: Special Issue dedicated to “The International Conference on Navigating Global Energy Transition for a Sustainable Future (ICNETS 2024)” at the Energy Summit-2024 UPES, Dehradun, India
  4. Reviews
  5. A review of conventional and non-conventional disinfection methods for treating potable water and wastewater
  6. Comprehensive assessment of carbon market potential in India: a case study of prominent energy and power majors
  7. R & D needs in the field of clay modified polymeric coatings
  8. Articles
  9. Drying and thermal studies of antimicrobial – poly(styrene)-poly(methyl methacrylate)-toluene coatings doped with CuO nanoparticles
  10. Critical study of reservoir and hydraulic fracture parameters on cumulative shale gas production – a sensitivity analysis
  11. Machine learning based modeling of the dynamic Poisson’s ratio for petroleum oil field
  12. Copper oxide-based nanofluids for the shell and tube heat exchanger: performance analysis
  13. Analysis of breakthrough curve and application of response surface methodology for the optimization of VOC adsorption
  14. A comprehensive analysis of household air pollution due to traditional cooking in the himalayan belt
  15. Aloe vera oil biodiesel with silicon dioxide additive for diesel engine: performance and emission study
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