Startseite Effect of Sr concentration in SrK/CaO oyster shell derived catalysts for biodiesel production
Artikel
Lizenziert
Nicht lizenziert Erfordert eine Authentifizierung

Effect of Sr concentration in SrK/CaO oyster shell derived catalysts for biodiesel production

  • Emanuel A. Ramírez-Paredes , Jose A. Rodriguez ORCID logo , Gerardo Chavez-Esquivel ORCID logo und Jesús Andrés Tavizón-Pozos ORCID logo EMAIL logo
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 24. Juni 2024
Veröffentlichen auch Sie bei De Gruyter Brill
Manuskript einreichen Informationen für Autor*innen
International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering
Aus der Zeitschrift International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering Band 22 Heft 6

Abstract

This study examined the effect of the Sr concentration in SrK/CaO catalysts based on oyster shells for the transesterification of canola oil. The CaO support was obtained by mixing 800 °C calcined oyster shell and limestone. Then, K and Sr were impregnated simultaneously at three different Sr/(Sr + K) molar ratios, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4, and calcined at 800 °C. XRD, SEM, and Hammett indicators were used to characterize the catalysts. The reaction conditions were 60 °C, 1 h, met/oil = 12.5, and a catalyst loading of 7 wt%. The results showed that a Sr/(Sr + K) = 0.3 produces larger K2Sr(CO3)2 crystals that contribute synergistically to the catalytic activity. At Sr/(Sr + K) > 0.3, the K and Sr are segregated, decreasing the alkaline character and activity. Also, the optimization of WCO transesterification conditions was carried out by Box–Behnken response surface design with SrK/CaO-0.3 catalyst. The theoretical optimal conditions were 70 °C, 1.5 h, and a met/oil = 10, which achieved 79 % of biodiesel yield. Nonetheless, the produced WCO biodiesel did not present acceptable quality, and this reactive system increased the lixiviation of the active phases.

Keywords: biodiesel production; oyster shell; Sr; CaO; WCO
Corresponding author: Jesus Andres Tavizón-Pozos, Investigadoras e Investigadores por México del CONAHCYT, Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carr Pachuca-Tulancingo km. 4.5, Colonia Carboneras, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, 42184, México, E-mail:

Acknowledgments

Authors thank CONAHCYT for project 216 of Investigadores por México-CONAHCYT program. Tavizón-Pozos thanks to Laura Aranda for her support and love.

  1. Research ethics: The authors declare that this is an original article.

  2. Author contributions: The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission. E.A. Ramírez-Paredes: experimental, writing. J.A. Rodriguez: Infraestructure. G. Chavez-Esquivel: experimental, interpretation. J.A. Tavizón-Pozos: experimental, interpretation, writing, conception.

  3. Competing interests: The authors state no competing interests.

  4. Research funding: None declared.

  5. Data availability: Not applicable.

References

[1] A. P. Ingle, A. K. Chandel, R. Philippini, S. E. Martiniano, and S. S. da Silva, “Advances in nanocatalysts mediated biodiesel production: a critical appraisal,” Symmetry, vol. 12, no. 2, p. 256, 2020. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12020256.Suche in Google Scholar

[2] M. C. Rulli, D. Bellomi, A. Cazzoli, G. De Carolis, and P. D’Odorico, “The water-land-food nexus of first-generation biofuels,” Sci. Rep., vol. 6, no. 1, 2016, Art. no. 22521. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep22521.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[3] H. Hosseinzadeh-Bandbafha, et al.., “Environmental life cycle assessment of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil: a systematic review,” Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev., vol. 161, 2022, Art. no. 112411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2022.112411.Suche in Google Scholar

[4] P. Sheelanere and S. Kulshreshtha, “Sustainable biofuel production: opportunities for rural development,” Int. J. Environ. Resour. Res., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1–13, 2013.Suche in Google Scholar

[5] R. Nayab, et al.., “Sustainable biodiesel production via catalytic and non-catalytic transesterification of feedstock materials – a review,” Fuel, vol. 328, 2022, Art. no. 125254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.125254.Suche in Google Scholar

[6] H. Yaqoob, et al., “Potential of waste cooking oil biodiesel as renewable fuel in combustion engines: a review,” Energies, vol. 14, no. 9, p. 2565, 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14092565.Suche in Google Scholar

[7] A. A. Babadi, et al.., “Emerging technologies for biodiesel production: processes, challenges, and opportunities,” Biomass Bioenergy, vol. 163, 2022, Art. no. 106521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2022.106521.Suche in Google Scholar

[8] N. Ghosh and G. Halder, “Current progress and perspective of heterogeneous nanocatalytic transesterification towards biodiesel production from edible and inedible feedstock: a review,” Energy Convers. Manage., vol. 270, 2022, Art. no. 116292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2022.116292.Suche in Google Scholar

[9] K. Cholapandian, B. Gurunathan, and N. Rajendran, “Investigation of CaO nanocatalyst synthesized from acalypha indica leaves and its application in biodiesel production using waste cooking oil,” Fuel, vol. 312, 2022, Art. no. 122958. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122958.Suche in Google Scholar

[10] A. A. El-sherif, et al.., “Power of recycling waste cooking oil into biodiesel via green CaO-based eggshells/Ag heterogeneous nanocatalyst,” Renewable Energy, vol. 202, pp. 1412–1423, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2022.12.041.Suche in Google Scholar

[11] A. A. H. Al-Muhtaseb, et al.., “State-of-the-Art novel catalyst synthesised from waste glassware and eggshells for cleaner fuel production,” Fuel, vol. 330, 2022, Art. no. 125526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.125526.Suche in Google Scholar

[12] A. H. Abu-Ghazala, H. H. Abdelhady, A. A. Mazhar, and M. S. El-Deab, “Enhanced low-temperature production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil: aluminum industrial waste as a precursor of efficient CaO/Al2O3 nano-catalyst,” Fuel, vol. 351, 2023, Art. no. 128897. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2023.128897.Suche in Google Scholar

[13] J. A. Tavizón-Pozos, I. S. Ibarra, A. Guevara-Lara, and C. A. Galán-Vidal, “Application of design of experiments in biofuel production: a review,” in Design of Experiments for Chemical, Pharmaceutical, Food, and Industrial Applications, IGI Global, 2020, pp. 77–103.10.4018/978-1-7998-1518-1.ch004Suche in Google Scholar

[14] A. I. Osman, et al.., “Optimizing biodiesel production from waste with computational chemistry, machine learning and policy insights: a review,” Environ. Chem. Lett., vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 1005–1071, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-024-01700-y.Suche in Google Scholar

[15] A. Schaafsma, I. Pakan, G. J. H. Hofstede, F. A. Muskiet, E. V. D. Veer, and P. J. F. De Vries, “Mineral, amino acid, and hormonal composition of chicken eggshell powder and the evaluation of its use in human nutrition,” Poult. Sci., vol. 79, no. 12, pp. 1833–1838, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/79.12.1833.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

[16] N. Topić Popović, V. Lorencin, I. Strunjak-Perović, and R. Čož-Rakovac, “Shell waste management and utilization: mitigating organic pollution and enhancing sustainability,” Appl. Sci., vol. 13, no. 1, p. 623, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13010623.Suche in Google Scholar

[17] H. K. Ooi, et al., “Progress on modified calcium oxide derived waste-shell catalysts for biodiesel production,” Catalysts, vol. 11, no. 2, p. 194, 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11020194.Suche in Google Scholar

[18] R. Rezaei, M. Mohadesi, and G. R. Moradi, “Optimization of biodiesel production using waste mussel shell catalyst,” Fuel, vol. 109, pp. 534–541, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2013.03.004.Suche in Google Scholar

[19] Y.-C. Lin, K. T. T. Amesho, C.-E. Chen, P.-C. Cheng, and F.-C. Chou, “A cleaner process for green biodiesel synthesis from waste cooking oil using recycled waste oyster shells as a sustainable base heterogeneous catalyst under the microwave heating system,” Sustainable Chem. Pharm., vol. 17, 2020, Art. no. 100310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scp.2020.100310.Suche in Google Scholar

[20] R. Shobana, S. Vijayalakshmi, B. Deepanraj, and J. Ranjitha, “Biodiesel production from Capparis spinosa L seed oil using calcium oxide as a heterogeneous catalyst derived from oyster shell,” Mater. Today: Proc., vol. 80, pp. 3216–3220, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.07.215.Suche in Google Scholar

[21] S. Jairam, P. Kolar, R. Sharma-Shivappa, J. A. Osborne, and J. P. Davis, “KI-impregnated oyster shell as a solid catalyst for soybean oil transesterification,” Bioresour. Technol., vol. 104, pp. 329–335, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.10.039.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

[22] H. Jin, P. Kolar, S. Peretti, J. Osborne, and J. Cheng, “Kinetics and mechanism of NaOH-impregnated calcined oyster shell-catalyzed transesterification of soybean oil,” Energies, vol. 10, no. 11, p. 1920, 2017. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10111920.Suche in Google Scholar

[23] P. Mierczynski, et al.., “Biodiesel production on MgO, CaO, SrO and BaO oxides supported on (SrO)(Al2O3) mixed oxide,” Catal. Lett., vol. 145, no. 5, pp. 1196–1205, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-015-1503-x.Suche in Google Scholar

[24] H. Jin, P. Kolar, S. Peretti, J. Osborne, and J. J. Cheng, “NaOH-impregnated oyster shell as a solid base catalyst for transesterification of soybean oil,” Agric. Eng. Int.: CIGR J., vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 194–202, 2021.Suche in Google Scholar

[25] C. Komintarachat and S. Chuepeng, “Catalytic enhancement of calcium oxide from green mussel shell by potassium chloride impregnation for waste cooking oil-based biodiesel production,” Bioresour. Technol. Rep., vol. 12, 2020, Art. no. 100589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biteb.2020.100589.Suche in Google Scholar

[26] S. Palitsakun, K. Koonkuer, B. Topool, A. Seubsai, and K. Sudsakorn, “Transesterification of jatropha oil to biodiesel using SrO catalysts modified with CaO from waste eggshell,” Catal. Commun., vol. 149, 2021, Art. no. 106233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catcom.2020.106233.Suche in Google Scholar

[27] A. Burger and I. Lichtscheidl, “Strontium in the environment: review about reactions of plants towards stable and radioactive strontium isotopes,” Sci. Total Environ., vol. 653, pp. 1458–1512, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.312.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

[28] V. K. Yadav, et al., “The processing of calcium rich agricultural and industrial waste for recovery of calcium carbonate and calcium oxide and their application for environmental cleanup: a review,” Appl. Sci., vol. 11, no. 9, p. 4212, 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11094212.Suche in Google Scholar

[29] C. Zörb, M. Senbayram, and E. Peiter, “Potassium in agriculture – status and perspectives,” J. Plant Physiol., vol. 171, no. 9, pp. 656–669, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2013.08.008.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

[30] M. A. Hernández-Martínez, J. A. Rodriguez, G. Chavez-Esquivel, D. Ángeles-Beltrán, and J. A. Tavizón-Pozos, “Canola oil transesterification for biodiesel production using potassium and strontium supported on calcium oxide catalysts synthesized from oyster shell residues,” Next Mater., vol. 1, no. 4, 2023, Art. no. 100033. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxmate.2023.100033.Suche in Google Scholar

[31] S. H. Teo, Y. H. Taufiq-Yap, U. Rashid, and A. Islam, “Hydrothermal effect on synthesis, characterization and catalytic properties of calcium methoxide for biodiesel production from crude jatropha curcas,” RSC Adv., vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 4266–4276, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA11936C.Suche in Google Scholar

[32] S. L. Lee, Y. C. Wong, Y. P. Tan, and S. Y. Yew, “Transesterification of palm oil to biodiesel by using waste obtuse horn shell-derived CaO catalyst,” Energy Convers. Manage., vol. 93, pp. 282–288, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.12.067.Suche in Google Scholar

[33] V. D. Hogan and S. Gordon, “Thermoanalysis of binary systems. Potassium perchlorate-alkali and alkaline earth metal nitrates,” J. Chem. Eng. Data, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 572–578, 1961. https://doi.org/10.1021/je60011a028.Suche in Google Scholar

[34] P. Lu, et al.., “One-step preparation of a novel SrCO3/g-C3N4 nano-composite and its application in selective adsorption of crystal violet,” RSC Adv., vol. 8, no. 12, pp. 6315–6325, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7RA11565B.Suche in Google Scholar

[35] L. Chen, et al.., “Synthesis of barium and strontium carbonate crystals with unusual morphologies using an organic additive,” Russ. J. Phys. Chem. A, vol. 87, no. 13, pp. 2239–2245, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0036024413130153.Suche in Google Scholar

[36] A. B. Fadhil, E. T. B. Al-Tikrity, and M. K. Ahmed, “Transesterification of non-edible oils over potassium acetate impregnated CaO solid base catalyst,” Fuel, vol. 234, pp. 81–93, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.06.121.Suche in Google Scholar

[37] M. Khatibi, F. Khorasheh, and A. Larimi, “Biodiesel production via transesterification of canola oil in the presence of Na–K doped CaO derived from calcined eggshell,” Renewable Energy, vol. 163, pp. 1626–1636, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2020.10.039.Suche in Google Scholar

[38] N. Hindryawati, G. P. Maniam, Md. R. Karim, and K. F. Chong, “Transesterification of used cooking oil over alkali metal (Li, Na, K) supported rice husk silica as potential solid base catalyst,” Eng. Sci. Technol. Int J., vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 95–103, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jestch.2014.04.002.Suche in Google Scholar

[39] M. Kouzu and J.-S. Hidaka, “Transesterification of vegetable oil into biodiesel catalyzed by CaO: a review,” Fuel, vol. 93, pp. 1–12, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2011.09.015.Suche in Google Scholar

[40] K. T. T. Amesho, Y.-C. Lin, C.-E. Chen, P.-C. Cheng, and S. Shangdiar, “Kinetics studies of sustainable biodiesel synthesis from jatropha curcas oil by exploiting bio-waste derived CaO-based heterogeneous catalyst via microwave heating system as a green chemistry technique,” Fuel, vol. 323, 2022, Art. no. 123876. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.123876.Suche in Google Scholar

[41] P. A. Ozor, V. S. Aigbodion, and N. I. Sukdeo, “Modified calcium oxide nanoparticles derived from oyster shells for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil,” Fuel Commun., vol. 14, 2023, Art. no. 100085. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfueco.2023.100085.Suche in Google Scholar

[42] Y. S. Erchamo, T. T. Mamo, G. Adam Workneh, and Y. S. Mekonnen, “Improved biodiesel production from waste cooking oil with mixed methanol–ethanol using enhanced eggshell-derived CaO nano-catalyst,” Sci. Rep., vol. 11, no. 1, p. 6708, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86062-z.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[43] A. Prokaewa, S. M. Smith, A. Luengnaruemitchai, M. Kandiah, and S. Boonyuen, “Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using a new heterogeneous catalyst SrO doped CaO nanoparticles,” J. Met., Mater. Miner., vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 79–85, 2022. https://doi.org/10.55713/jmmm.v32i1.1149.Suche in Google Scholar

[44] H. Li, S. Niu, C. Lu, and J. Li, “Calcium oxide functionalized with strontium as heterogeneous transesterification catalyst for biodiesel production,” Fuel, vol. 176, pp. 63–71, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.02.067.Suche in Google Scholar

[45] M. Bonnard, B. Boury, and I. Parrot, “Key insights, tools, and future prospects on oyster shell end-of-life: a critical analysis of sustainable solutions,” Environ. Sci. Technol., vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 26–38, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b03736.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

[46] M. Lee, W.-S. Tsai, and S.-T. Chen, “Reusing shell waste as a soil conditioner alternative? A comparative study of eggshell and oyster shell using a life cycle assessment approach,” J. Cleaner Prod., vol. 265, 2020, Art. no. 121845. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121845.Suche in Google Scholar

[47] P. Janulis, “Reduction of energy consumption in biodiesel fuel life cycle,” Renewable Energy, vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 861–871, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2003.10.004.Suche in Google Scholar

[48] J. L. Holechek, H. M. E. Geli, M. N. Sawalhah, and R. Valdez, “A global assessment: can renewable energy replace fossil fuels by 2050?,” Sustainability, vol. 14, no. 8, p. 4792, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084792.Suche in Google Scholar

[49] J. C. Abanades, et al.., “Emerging CO2 capture systems,” Int. J. Greenhouse Gas Control, vol. 40, pp. 126–166, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2015.04.018.Suche in Google Scholar

[50] M. U. H. Suzihaque, H. Alwi, U. K. Ibrahim, S. Abdullah, and N. Haron, “Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil: a brief review,” Mater. Today: Proc., vol. 63, pp. S490–S495, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.04.527.Suche in Google Scholar

[51] L. Rocha-Meneses, et al.., “Recent advances on biodiesel production from waste cooking oil (WCO): a review of reactors, catalysts, and optimization techniques impacting the production,” Fuel, vol. 348, 2023, Art. no. 128514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2023.128514.Suche in Google Scholar

[52] T. Németh, Z. Kiss, T. Kismányoky, and É. Lehoczky, “Effect of long‐term fertilization on the strontium content of soil,” Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., vol. 37, nos. 15–20, pp. 2751–2758, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103620600831979.Suche in Google Scholar

[53] M. Gaonkar and A. P. Chakraborty, “Application of eggshell as fertilizer and calcium supplement tablet,” Int. J. Innov. Res. Sci. Eng. Technol., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 3520–3525, 2016.Suche in Google Scholar

[54] H. N. Ruslan, K. Muthusamy, S. M. S. Mohsin, R. Jose, and R. Omar, “Oyster shell waste as a concrete ingredient: a review,” Mater. Today: Proc., vol. 48, pp. 713–719, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.02.208.Suche in Google Scholar

[55] Y.-Q. Geng, Y.-X. Guo, B. Fan, F.-Q. Cheng, and H.-G. Cheng, “Research progress of calcium-based adsorbents for CO2 capture and anti-sintering modification,” J. Fuel Chem. Technol., vol. 49, no. 7, pp. 998–1013, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-5813(21)60040-3.Suche in Google Scholar
Received: 2024-01-26
Accepted: 2024-05-30
Published Online: 2024-06-24

© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Editorial
  3. Professor M. Mozahar Hossain joins IJCRE as co-chief editor
  4. Articles
  5. Segregation and mixing of binary mixtures of spherical particles in a bubbling fluidized bed
  6. Thermodynamic and kinetic study on the catalysis of tributyl aconitate by Amberlyst-15 in a cyclic fixed-bed reactor
  7. Design, characterization and performance evaluation of a laboratory-scale continuous reactor for sono-Fenton treatment of simulated wastewater
  8. Airlift bioreactors for bioremediation of water contaminated with hydrocarbons in agricultural regions
  9. R dot approach for kinetic modelling of WGS over noble metals
  10. Ethyl acetate production by Fischer esterification: use of excess of acetic acid and complete separation sequence
  11. VOCs (toluene) removal from iron ore sintering flue gas via LaBO3 (B = Cu, Fe, Cr, Mn, Co) perovskite catalysts: experiment and mechanism
  12. Effect of Sr concentration in SrK/CaO oyster shell derived catalysts for biodiesel production
  13. CFD-PBM simulation of power law fluid in a bubble column reactor
  14. Retraction
  15. Retraction of: Computational fluid dynamic simulations to improve heat transfer in shell tube heat exchangers
https://doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2024-0021
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
biodiesel production; oyster shell; Sr; CaO; WCO

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Editorial
  3. Professor M. Mozahar Hossain joins IJCRE as co-chief editor
  4. Articles
  5. Segregation and mixing of binary mixtures of spherical particles in a bubbling fluidized bed
  6. Thermodynamic and kinetic study on the catalysis of tributyl aconitate by Amberlyst-15 in a cyclic fixed-bed reactor
  7. Design, characterization and performance evaluation of a laboratory-scale continuous reactor for sono-Fenton treatment of simulated wastewater
  8. Airlift bioreactors for bioremediation of water contaminated with hydrocarbons in agricultural regions
  9. R dot approach for kinetic modelling of WGS over noble metals
  10. Ethyl acetate production by Fischer esterification: use of excess of acetic acid and complete separation sequence
  11. VOCs (toluene) removal from iron ore sintering flue gas via LaBO3 (B = Cu, Fe, Cr, Mn, Co) perovskite catalysts: experiment and mechanism
  12. Effect of Sr concentration in SrK/CaO oyster shell derived catalysts for biodiesel production
  13. CFD-PBM simulation of power law fluid in a bubble column reactor
  14. Retraction
  15. Retraction of: Computational fluid dynamic simulations to improve heat transfer in shell tube heat exchangers
Jetzt anmelden und 20% sparen
Institutioneller Zugang
Wie funktioniert Authentifizierung?
Haben Sie eine Idee, wie wir unsere Website verbessern können?
Bitte schreiben Sie uns.
© 2025 De Gruyter Brill
Heruntergeladen am 16.11.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/ijcre-2024-0021/pdf
Button zum nach oben scrollen