Abstract
In this work, production of ethyl acetate (EtAc) using Fischer esterification between acetic acid (AcOH) and ethyl alcohol (EtOH) is presented. Batch kinetics was developed with EtOH as the limiting reactant to avoid the problems associated with unreacted ethanol in the final product. Regression was performed to estimate the parameters of the Langmuir Hinshelwood type kinetic equation. Reaction mass obtained during kinetics was subjected to separation and purification. Molecular sieves (MS) were used to remove water. Distillation (simple and extractive distillation – with entrainer, dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO) was used to obtain almost pure AcOH, EtOH, EtAc and DMSO. Future work in reactive separation environment is indicated. Use of EtOH as the limiting reactant, use of MS for water removal and complete separation sequence are important features of this work.
-
Research ethics: The authors decalre that all the research related ethics have been duly followed.
-
Author contributions: Pooja P. Sanap: conceptualization, investigation, methodology, experimentation, writing – original draft, writing – review and editing. Amit Kataria: conceptualization, methodology, simulation. Yogesh S. Mahajan: conceptualization, investigation, formal analysis, methodology, supervision, writing – review & editing.
-
Competing interests: The authors state no conflict of interest.
-
Research funding: None declared.
-
Data availability: The data set will be made available on request.
References
[1] Y. Zhang, “An overview on synthetic methods of ethyl acetate,” Org. Chem. Indian J. Microreview, vol. 9, pp. 397–400, 2013.Search in Google Scholar
[2] C. Chilev and E. Simeonov, “Reactive distillation for ethyl acetate production,” J. Chem. Technol. Metall., vol. 52, pp. 463–474, 2017.Search in Google Scholar
[3] K. Heuser, V. Liao, and N. Narain, Ethanol to Ethyl Acetate, 2019, https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/219382692.pdf.Search in Google Scholar
[4] W. Piotrowski and R. Kubica, “Integration of the process for production of ethyl acetate by an enhanced extraction process,” Processes, vol. 9, p. 1425, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9081425.Search in Google Scholar
[5] Web reference 1: https://www.coherentmarketinsights.com/market-insight/ethyl-acetate-market-2353. Accessed: Apr. 12, 2024.Search in Google Scholar
[6] Web reference 2: https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/global-ethyl-acetate-market-to-reach-us-7-4-mmt-by-2028--coherent-market-insights-301548125.html. Accessed: Apr. 12, 2024.Search in Google Scholar
[7] Web reference 3: https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/5741692/ethyl-acetate-global-market-report. Accessed: Apr. 12, 2024.Search in Google Scholar
[8] Web reference 4: Business Bliss Consultants FZE. “Various process routes of the production of ethyl acetate,” 2018, https://ukdiss.com/examples/production-ethyl-acetate-routes.php?vref=1. Accessed: Apr. 12, 2024.Search in Google Scholar
[9] V. A. Men’shchikov and I. P. Semenov, “Developing a process for producing ethylacetate via the dehydrogenation of ethanol,” Catal. Ind., vol. 5, pp. 9–13, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1134/S2070050413010066.Search in Google Scholar
[10] H. Mandalia, Ethyl acetate: properties, production processes and applications-chemistry of ethyl acetate, 1st ed. Germany, Lambert Academic Publishing (LAP), 2015.Search in Google Scholar
[11] B. Šulgan, J. Labovský, and Z. Labovská, “Multi-aspect comparison of ethyl acetate production pathways: reactive distillation process integration and intensification via mechanical and chemical approach,” Processes, vol. 8, p. 1618, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8121618.Search in Google Scholar
[12] K. Lai, Y. Liu, C. Yu, M. Lee, and H. Huang, “Production of high-purity ethyl acetate using reactive distillation: experimental and start-up procedure,” Chem. Eng. Process: Process Intensif., vol. 47, pp. 1831–1843, 2008, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2007.10.008.Search in Google Scholar
[13] Web reference 5: MSDS (AcOH): https://www.sdfine.com. Accessed: Apr. 12, 2024.Search in Google Scholar
[14] Web reference 6: MSDS (EtAc): https://www.sdfine.com. Accessed: Apr. 12, 2024.Search in Google Scholar
[15] Web reference 7: MSDS (DMSO): https://www.sdfine.com. Accessed: Apr. 12,2024.Search in Google Scholar
[16] Web reference 8: MSDS (EtOH): https://www.merckmillipore.com. Accessed: Apr. 12, 2024.Search in Google Scholar
[17] A. K. Patan, M. Mekala, and S. K. Thamida, “Simulation of a steady-state continuous catalytic reactive distillation column by using a multiscale capillary model,” Chem. Eng. Technol., vol. 45, pp. 878–889, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1002/ceat.202100566.Search in Google Scholar
[18] M. Mekala, “Experimental and simulation studies of a continuous reactive distillation for an esterification process,” Int. J. Chem. React. Eng., vol. 20, pp. 1193–1207, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2021-0268.Search in Google Scholar
[19] M. Mekala, R. Kalakuntala, and S. Suranani, “Kinetic modelling and simulations studies for propanoic acid esterification process,” J. Indian Chem. Soc., vol. 100, 2023, Art. no. 100863. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jics.2022.100863.Search in Google Scholar
[20] E. Silva, B. A. N. N. Bamunusingha, and M. Gunasekera, “Heterogeneous kinetic study for esterification of acetic acid with ethanol,” Engineer, vol. 47, pp. 9–15, 2014, https://doi.org/10.4038/engineer.v47i1.6855.Search in Google Scholar
[21] V. M. Shinde, G. N. Patil, A. Katariya, and Y. S. Mahajan, “Production of tetrahydrofuran by dehydration of 1, 4-butanediol using amberlyst-15: batch kinetics and batch reactive distillation,” Chem. Eng. Process.: Process Intensif., vol. 95, pp. 241–248, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2015.06.016.Search in Google Scholar
[22] A. Shahid, J. Yousuf, S. J. Khan, J. A. Khan, and B. Boulanger, “Esterification reaction kinetics of acetic and oleic acids with ethanol in the presence of amberlyst 15,” Arab J. Sci. Eng., vol. 43, pp. 5701–5709, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-017-2927-y.Search in Google Scholar
[23] A. N. S. Zeki, M. H. Al-Hassani, and H. A. Al-Jendeel, “Kinetic study of esterification reaction,” Al-Khawarizmi Eng. J., vol. 6, pp. 33–42, 2010, Available at: https://alkej.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/alkej/article/view/487.Search in Google Scholar
[24] D. Singh, R. K. Gupta, and V. Kumar, “Experimental studies of industrial-scale reactive distillation finishing column producing ethyl acetate,” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., vol. 53, pp. 10448–10456, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie404443g.Search in Google Scholar
[25] O. Chidi, O. Peter, “Kinetics and mechanism of ethyl acetate production using eco-benign solid catalyst,” J. Phys. Chem. B, vol. 6, pp. 1–4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0398.1000219.Search in Google Scholar
[26] H. Liu, R. Xie, and Z. Xu, “Synthesis of phase-selective ionic liquid gels and application to the synthesis of ethyl acetate,” Chem. Eng. Techol., vol. 47, pp. 79–87, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1002/ceat.202200594.Search in Google Scholar
[27] A. Darlington and W. B. Guenther, “Ethanol-acetic acid esterification equilibrium with acid ion-exchange resin as catalyst,” J. Chem. Eng. Data., vol. 12, pp. 605–607, 1967, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60035a036.Search in Google Scholar
[28] S. Kirbaşlar, Z. Baykal, and U. Dramur, “Esterification of acetic acid with ethanol catalysed by an acidic ion-exchange resin,” Turk J. Eng. Environ. Sci., vol. 25, pp. 569–577, 2001.Search in Google Scholar
[29] N. Calvar, B. González, and A. Dominguez, “Esterification of acetic acid with ethanol: reaction kinetics and operation in a packed bed reactive distillation column,”Chem. Eng. Process.: Process Intensif., vol. 46, pp. 1317–1323, 2007, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2006.10.007.Search in Google Scholar
[30] A. Ahmed and N. B. Chowdhury, “Esterification of ethanol and acetic acid in a batch reactor in presence of sulfuric acid catalyst,” in Global Engineering Science and Technology Conference Dhaka, Paper ID 805, 2013.Search in Google Scholar
[31] C. Beula and P. S. T. Sai, “Kinetics of esterification of acetic acid and ethanol with a homogeneous acid catalyst,” Indian Chem. Eng., vol. 57, pp. 177–196, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1080/00194506.2014.975761.Search in Google Scholar
[32] M. H. Alhassani, S. M. Al-Jubouri, W. O. Noori, and H. A. Al-Jendeel, “Kinetic study for esterification reaction using ion-exchange resin catalyst using the pseudo-homogenous model and Eley-Ridel model,” IJE Trans. B, vol. 31, pp. 1172–1179, 2018.10.5829/ije.2018.31.08b.03Search in Google Scholar
[33] Y. T. Tang, H. P. Huang, and I. L. Chien, “Design of a complete ethyl acetate reactive distillation column system,” Comput. Aided Chem. Eng., vol. 15, pp. 1044–1049, 2003, https://doi.org/10.1016/s1570-7946(03)80446-7.Search in Google Scholar
[34] N. Vora and P. Daoutidis, “Dynamics and control of an ethyl acetate reactive distillation column,” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., vol. 40, pp. 833–849, 2001, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie990633q.Search in Google Scholar
[35] K. Konakom, A. Saengchan, K. Paisan, and M. Iqbal, “High purity ethyl acetate production with a batch reactive distillation column using dynamic optimization strategy,” Lect. Notes Eng. Comput. Sci., vol. 2, p. 2187, 2010.Search in Google Scholar
[36] V. D. Talnikar, O. A. Deorukhkar, A. Katariya, and Y. S. Mahajan, “Intensification of the production of 2-ethyl-hexyl acrylate: batch kinetics and reactive distillation,” Int. J. Chem. React. Eng., vol. 16, pp. 1–17, 2018, Art. no. 20170134. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2017-0134.Search in Google Scholar
[37] R. B. Bhandare, A. KatariyaA, and Y. S. Mahajan, “Production of isoamyl propionate: use of Amberlyst-15 in batch reactor and packed bed reactor,” J. Chin. Inst. Eng., vol. 44, pp. 509–518, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1080/02533839.2021.1933597.Search in Google Scholar
[38] R. Bhandare, A. Katariya, and Y. S. Mahajan, “Ion exchange resin catalyzed synthesis of methyl butyrate: batch reactor and packed bed reactor studies,” J. Chin. Inst. Eng., vol. 45, pp. 187–194, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1080/02533839.2021.2012521.Search in Google Scholar
[39] R. Devale, A. Katariya, and Y. Mahajan, “Ethyl trifluoroacetate formation as a means to recover trifluoroacetic acid from dilute aqueous mixture: reaction, separation and purification,” J. Chin. Inst. Eng., vol. 46, pp. 781–794, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1080/02533839.2023.2238771.Search in Google Scholar
[40] R. Devale, A. Katariya, and Y. Mahajan, “Transesterification of the ethyl ester of trifluoroacetic acid to its methyl ester using Amberlyst-15: reaction and purification,” Chem. Eng. Commu., vol. 210, pp. 2174–2188, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1080/00986445.2023.2196414.Search in Google Scholar
[41] S. Fogler, Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering, 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA, Pearson Prentice Hall, 2006.Search in Google Scholar
[42] M. Mekala and V. R. Goli, “Kinetics of esterification of acetic acid and methanol using Amberlyst 36 cation-exchange resin solid catalyst,” Prog. React. Kinet., vol. 40, pp. 367–382, 2015, https://doi.org/10.3184/146867815X14413752286146.Search in Google Scholar
[43] H. Li, B. Yan, Y. Ma, X. Ma, X. Zhang, and B. Zhao, “Adsorption of l-α-glycerophosphocholine on ion-exchange resin: equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies,” Green Process. Synth., vol. 9, pp. 275–282, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1515/gps-2020-0032.Search in Google Scholar
[44] P. P. Sanap, A. V. Shetty, and Y. S. Mahajan, “Purification of tetrahydrofuran from aqueous azeotropic solution: continuous adsorption operation using molecular sieves,” Chem. Eng. Commun., vol. 207, pp. 696–704, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1080/00986445.2019.1615471.Search in Google Scholar
[45] P. P. Sanap, A. V. Shetty, and Y. S. Mahajan, “Dehydration – purification of aqueous ethyl alcohol by adsorption over molecular sieves: continuous operation,” J. Chin. Inst. Eng., vol. 44, pp. 501–508, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1080/02533839.2021.1919557.Search in Google Scholar
[46] Web reference 9: http://www.evergreenindia.com/hyflux.html. Accessed: Apr. 12, 2024.Search in Google Scholar
[47] Web reference 10: https://www.ravelhiteks.com. Accessed: Apr. 12, 2024.Search in Google Scholar
Supplementary Material
This article contains supplementary material (https://doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2024-0019).
© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Professor M. Mozahar Hossain joins IJCRE as co-chief editor
- Articles
- Segregation and mixing of binary mixtures of spherical particles in a bubbling fluidized bed
- Thermodynamic and kinetic study on the catalysis of tributyl aconitate by Amberlyst-15 in a cyclic fixed-bed reactor
- Design, characterization and performance evaluation of a laboratory-scale continuous reactor for sono-Fenton treatment of simulated wastewater
- Airlift bioreactors for bioremediation of water contaminated with hydrocarbons in agricultural regions
- R dot approach for kinetic modelling of WGS over noble metals
- Ethyl acetate production by Fischer esterification: use of excess of acetic acid and complete separation sequence
- VOCs (toluene) removal from iron ore sintering flue gas via LaBO3 (B = Cu, Fe, Cr, Mn, Co) perovskite catalysts: experiment and mechanism
- Effect of Sr concentration in SrK/CaO oyster shell derived catalysts for biodiesel production
- CFD-PBM simulation of power law fluid in a bubble column reactor
- Retraction
- Retraction of: Computational fluid dynamic simulations to improve heat transfer in shell tube heat exchangers
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Professor M. Mozahar Hossain joins IJCRE as co-chief editor
- Articles
- Segregation and mixing of binary mixtures of spherical particles in a bubbling fluidized bed
- Thermodynamic and kinetic study on the catalysis of tributyl aconitate by Amberlyst-15 in a cyclic fixed-bed reactor
- Design, characterization and performance evaluation of a laboratory-scale continuous reactor for sono-Fenton treatment of simulated wastewater
- Airlift bioreactors for bioremediation of water contaminated with hydrocarbons in agricultural regions
- R dot approach for kinetic modelling of WGS over noble metals
- Ethyl acetate production by Fischer esterification: use of excess of acetic acid and complete separation sequence
- VOCs (toluene) removal from iron ore sintering flue gas via LaBO3 (B = Cu, Fe, Cr, Mn, Co) perovskite catalysts: experiment and mechanism
- Effect of Sr concentration in SrK/CaO oyster shell derived catalysts for biodiesel production
- CFD-PBM simulation of power law fluid in a bubble column reactor
- Retraction
- Retraction of: Computational fluid dynamic simulations to improve heat transfer in shell tube heat exchangers