Liquid antisolvent recrystallization and solid dispersion of flufenamic acid with polyvinylpyrrolidone K-30
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Rahul Kumar
Abstract
Flufenamic acid (FFA) is a Biopharmaceutical Classification System- II (BCS-II) class drug with poor bioavailability and a lower dissolution rate. Particle size reduction is one of the conventional approaches to increase the dissolution rate and subsequently the bioavailability. The use of the liquid antisolvent method for particle size reduction of FFA was studied in this work. Ethanol and water were used as solvent and antisolvent, respectively. Experimental parameters such as solution concentration (10–40 mg/ml), flow rate (120–480 ml/h), temperature (298–328 K) and stirring speed (200–800 rpm) were investigated. Furthermore, the solid dispersion of FFA was prepared with polyvinylpyrrolidone K-30 (PVP K-30) with different weight ratios (1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4) and samples were characterized using SEM, FTIR and XRD techniques. The experimental investigation revealed that higher values of concentration, injection rate, stirring speed, along with lower temperature favored the formation of fine particles. SEM analysis revealed that the morphology of raw FFA changed from rock-like to rectangular-like after liquid antisolvent recrystallization. FTIR analysis validated the presence of hydrogen bonding between FFA and PVP in solid dispersion. XRD analysis showed no significant change in the crystallinity of the processed FFA.
Funding source: University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun
Award Identifier / Grant number: UPES-SEED Grant
Acknowledgment
We are thankful to Mr. Charu Pant of Central Instrumentation Facility Centre, UPES for the recording of FTIR and XRD spectra.
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Research funding: The authors acknowledge the UPES-SEED Grant for financial support.
Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
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© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
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- Liquid antisolvent recrystallization and solid dispersion of flufenamic acid with polyvinylpyrrolidone K-30
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- Comparative studies on the separation of endocrine disrupting compounds from aquatic environment by emulsion liquid membrane and hollow fiber supported liquid membrane
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- Numerical simulation of squeezing flow Jeffrey nanofluid confined by two parallel disks with the help of chemical reaction: effects of activation energy and microorganisms
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- Phase equilibrium in n-octane/water separation units: vapor pressures, vapor and liquid molar fractions
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- 10.1515/ijcre-2021-0153
- Special Issue Articles
- Gas-liquid downward flow through narrow vertical conduits: effect of angle of entry and tube-diameter on flow patterns
- Liquid antisolvent recrystallization and solid dispersion of flufenamic acid with polyvinylpyrrolidone K-30
- Forced convection heat transfer study of a blunt-headed cylinder in non-Newtonian power-law fluids
- Comparative studies on the separation of endocrine disrupting compounds from aquatic environment by emulsion liquid membrane and hollow fiber supported liquid membrane
- Instabilities of a freely moving spherical particle in a Newtonian fluid: Direct Numerical Simulation
- Numerical simulation of squeezing flow Jeffrey nanofluid confined by two parallel disks with the help of chemical reaction: effects of activation energy and microorganisms
- Development of inexpensive, simple and environment-friendly solar selective absorber using copper nanoparticle
- Effect of contacting pattern and various surfactants on phenol extraction efficiency using emulsion liquid membrane
- Foam drainage enhancement in foam fractionation for dye removal: process optimization by Taguchi methodology and grey relational analysis
- Phase equilibrium in n-octane/water separation units: vapor pressures, vapor and liquid molar fractions
