Detection of Agglomeration by Analysis of Vibration Signatures in a Pilot-Scale Fluidized Bed Reactor of Propylene Polymerization
-
Fatemeh Alamolhoda
Abstract
Polymerization of propylene was performed in a pilot fluidized bed reactor, resembling an industrial unit. In order to detect agglomeration in this reaction process, wall vibration signatures of the bed, which contains useful information about its hydrodynamics, were measured by an accelerometer. This approach is non-intrusive and can be easily applied in industry. Different methods employed to analyze the measured vibration signatures. Average cycle frequency of the signatures showed that agglomerates were formed and settled down in the reactor during the process. Plot of the power spectral density function of vibration signals showed that the peak corresponding to the dominant frequency generated by bubbles is located around 2,000 Hz. Energy of the signal among the three hydrodynamic structures in the bed (i. e., micro, meso and macro-scales) showed a decrease in share of macro-scale and a slight increase in share of micro and meso-scales due to the formation of agglomerates. The principal component analysis was performed to characterize the hydrodynamic changes occurred in bed due to formation of agglomerates during the polymerization reaction. Using the S-statistic test, changes in the hydrodynamics of the bed due to formation of agglomerates were detected about 20 minutes before defluidization.
Nomenclature
- a
dilation (scaling) parameter
- b
translation (location) parameter
- Aj
approximation sub-signal of level j
- dp
mean particle diameter, µm
- Dj
detail sub-signal of level j
- EAj
energy of approximation sub-signal of level j
- EDj
energy of detail sub-signal of level j
- fs
sampling frequency, Hz
- l
value of the reduction order
- L
number of the time-series segments
- N
length of the time-series signal
- P
loading matrix
- Pixx
power-spectrum estimate of each segment, m2/s4
- Pxx
averaged power spectrum, m2/s4
- S
covariance matrix
- T
score matrix
- Tm
melting point, ℃
- w
window function
- Wf
wavelet coefficient
- x
original signal, m/s2
- Greek symbols
- φ*
basic wavelet function, µm
- µg
gas phase viscosity, Pa.s
- ρg
gas phase density, kg/m3
- ρp
particle density, kg/m3
- εmf
void fraction of the bed at minimum fluidization
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge the Iran’s National Elites Foundation (INEF) for its support through Allameh Tabatabaei grant (INEF-Grant No. BN096) and University of Malaya and the Ministry of Higher Education in Malaysia for supporting this collaborative work via the research grant FP064-2015A.
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Articles in the same Issue
- Articles
- Hydrogen Generation in an Annular Micro-Reactor: an Experimental Investigation of Water Splitting Reaction Using Aluminum in Presence of Potassium Hydroxide
- Gas Phase Back-Mixing in a Mimicked Fischer-Tropsch Slurry Bubble Column Using an Advanced Gaseous Tracer Technique
- Influence of Pressure on Fundamental Characteristics in Gas Fluidized Beds of Coarse Particle
- Three- Dimensional Hydromagnetic Convective Flow of Chemically Reactive Williamson Fluid with Non-Uniform Heat Absorption and Generation
- Signal Synthesis Model Reference Adaptive Controller with Artificial Intelligent Technique for a Control of Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor
- Effect of Natural and Artificial Light on Fe(III) Organic Complexes Photolysis: Case of Fe (III)-Malonate and Fe(III)-Malate
- Detection of Agglomeration by Analysis of Vibration Signatures in a Pilot-Scale Fluidized Bed Reactor of Propylene Polymerization
- Methanol to Gasoline Conversion over CuO/ZSM-5 Catalyst Synthesized Using Sonochemistry Method
- Degradation of Sulfamethoxazole by Electrochemically Activated Persulfate Using Iron Anode
- Electrosorption of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution on Graphene-Titanium Electrode: Adsorption Kinetics Studies
