Dental aesthetic related popularity and peer pressure, a survey of adolescents in Pakistan
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Hazik B. Shahzad
,
Faiza Awais
Abstract
Objectives
Most research has focused on determining how popularity and peer pressure impact behaviours, rather than identifying a key feature such as dental aesthetics and studying its impacts in relation to popularity and peer pressure.
Methods
A cross sectional study was conducted on a sample of 527 children from four schools located in Lahore, Pakistan. A 14-point questionnaire was developed, using existing measures of peer pressure, and popularity. The selected questions were modified to investigate the issues of dental aesthetics and integrated into the WHO oral health questionnaire for children.
Results
More than 50 % of the participants indicated popularity issues regarding dental aesthetics. 63.5 % of the responses indicated an influence of relatives and friends, whereas 38 % responses reported of harassment and bullying at schools. Regression analysis shows that the females were 1.99 times more likely to get comments from relative or friends about their teeth and 2.17 times more likely to be bullied or harassed at school due to their teeth when compared to the males. Fathers with a higher education brought about higher popularity and peer pressure issues. Mothers with a higher education were less likely to cause popularity and peer pressure issues than mothers with a lower education. Popularity and peer pressure were both significantly related to higher dental visitation.
Conclusions
Popularity and peer pressure have a direct link to dental aesthetics in an individual and are impacted by gender, family relatives and parental influences. The area of popularity and peer pressure related to dental aesthetics can be targeted in health education programs to empower children to adopt better oral health behaviours.
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Research funding: Not applicable.
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Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission. Hazik Bin Shahzad: conception and design, acquisition of data, analysis, and interpretation of data, drafting the manuscript and revising the manuscript. Faiza Awais: drafting the manuscript and revising the manuscript. Farhat Kazmi: design, drafting the manuscript and revising the manuscript. Saadia Manzar: design and drafting the manuscript. Anas Imran Arshad: acquisition of data and revising the manuscript. Shahrayne Rashid: design, drafting the manuscript and revising the manuscript. Sakeena Zahra: design, acquisition of data and drafting the manuscript. Mohammad Khan Ghafoor: design, acquisition of data and drafting the manuscript. Baneen Zahra: design, acquisition of data and drafting the manuscript. Shaleezay Rashid Khan: design, acquisition of data and drafting the manuscript. Wan Muhammad Amir W Ahmad: design, analysis, interpretation of data and revising the manuscript.
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Competing interests: Authors state no conflict of interest.
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Informed consent: An informed consent was signed by parent or guardian of the school children. Voluntary participation information was given at the beginning of the online questionnaire. The authors confirm that all methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations and were performed in line with the Declaration of Helsinki.
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Ethical approval: This study received ethical approval from the “Ethical Review Committee” via letter number “RLDC/002176/21” of Rashid Latif Dental College, Lahore.
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Availability of data and materials: Data is available on request from corresponding author.
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Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Reviews
- Depression and anxiety in adolescents and young women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- The role of psychiatry in diagnosis and treatment of paediatric chronic fatigue syndrome – a scoping literature review
- Original Articles
- Predictors of sexual and reproductive health self-care based on demographic factors in adolescent girls
- Intimate partner violence among unmarried young women (18–24 years) in urban communities, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Suicidal ideation, plan and attempt among adolescents in Houston Texas: a trend and cross-sectional analysis of the youth risk behavior survey 2011–2019 in the United States
- The prevalence of smoking cigarettes among HIV-infected patients after a decade. Single-center analysis
- Dental aesthetic related popularity and peer pressure, a survey of adolescents in Pakistan
