Reducing barriers to primary school education for girls in rural Kenya: reusable pads’ intervention

[1] McMahon SA, Winch PJ, Caruso BA, Obure AF, Ogutu EA, Ochari IA, et al. ‘The girl with her period is the one to hang her head’ Reflections on menstrual management among schoolgirls in rural Kenya. BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2011;11(1):7–16.10.1186/1472-698X-11-7Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[2] Sommer M. Where the education system and women’s bodies collide: the social and health impact of girls’ experiences of menstruation and schooling in Tanzania. J Adolesc. 2010;33(4):521–9.10.1016/j.adolescence.2009.03.008Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[3] Adinma ED, Adinma JI. Perceptions and practices on menstruation amongst Nigerian secondary school girls. Afr J Reprod Health. 2009;12(1):74–83.Search in Google Scholar

[4] Mudey AB, Kesharwani N, Mudey GA, Goyal RC. A cross-sectional study on awareness regarding safe and hygienic practices amongst school going adolescent girls in rural area of Wardha District, India. Glob J Health Sci. 2010;2(2):225.10.5539/gjhs.v2n2p225Search in Google Scholar

[5] Garg R, Goyal S, Gupta S. India moves towards menstrual hygiene: subsidized sanitary napkins for rural adolescent girls-issues and challenges. Matern Child Health J. 2012;16(4):767–74.10.1007/s10995-011-0798-5Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[6] Thomas E. Healthy futures, reducing barriers to primary school completion for Kenyan girls. Special Publication No 23. Washington, DC: Population Communication Services, 2002.Search in Google Scholar

[7] Bahram A, Hamid B, Zohre T. Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and impact of genital hygiene practices in non-pregnant women in Zanjan, Iran. Oman Med J. 2009;24(4):288–93.10.5001/omj.2009.58Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[8] World Bank. Toolkit on hygiene sanitation and water in school: gender roles and impact 2005.Search in Google Scholar

[9] Omidvar S, Begum K. Factors influencing hygienic practices during menses among girls from South India: a cross sectional study. Int J Collab Res Intern Med Public Health. 2010;2(12):411–23.Search in Google Scholar

[10] Lawan UM, Nafisa WY, Musa AB. Menstruation and menstrual hygiene amongst adolescent school girls in Kano, Northwestern Nigeria: original research article. Afr J Reprod Health. 2010;14(3):201–7.Search in Google Scholar

[11] Sabarwal S, Santhya KG. Treatment-seeking for symptoms of reproductive tract infections among young women in India. Int Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2012;38(2):90–8.10.1363/3809012Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[12] Nosseir SB, Lind LR, Winkler HA. Recurrent uncomplicated urinary tract infections in women: a review. J Womens Health. 2012;21(3):347–54.10.1089/jwh.2011.3056Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[13] Singh S, Bankole A, Woog V. Evaluating the need for sex education in developing countries: sexual behaviour, knowledge of preventing sexually transmitted infections/HIV and unplanned pregnancy. Sex Education. 2005;5(4):307–31.10.1080/14681810500278089Search in Google Scholar

[14] Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) and Ministry of Health (Kenya). Kenya demographic and health survey 2003 2004.Search in Google Scholar

[15] Ginsberg PE, Gekonge M. MTV, technology, the secular trend, and HIV/AIDS: why Kenyan parents need to learn about adolescent development. Dialect Anthropol. 2004;28(3/4):353–64.10.1007/s10624-004-3587-3Search in Google Scholar

[16] Crichton J, Ibisomi L, Gyimah S. Mother-daughter communication about sexual maturation, abstinence and unintended pregnancy: experiences from an informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya. J Adolesc. 2012;35(1):21–30.10.1016/j.adolescence.2011.06.008Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[17] Kinaro JW. Why adults and teachers information about sexual behavior and its consequences does not prevent unplanned pregnancies among adolescents in Nairobi, Kenya. Health. 2013;5(1):14–23.10.4236/health.2013.51003Search in Google Scholar

[18] Kamau A, Bornemann R, Laaser U. Psychosocial influences on adolescent sexuality and identity in rural Kenya. Health Sociol Rev. 2006;15(3):305–16.10.5172/hesr.2006.15.3.305Search in Google Scholar

[19] Kenyan Institute of Education. Creating acceptable educational standards. Nairobi, Kenya: 2012.Search in Google Scholar

[20] Ogeng’o DN, Obimbo MM, Ogeng’o JA. Menarcheal age among urban Kenyan primary school girls. Acta Paediatrica. 2011;100(5):758–61.10.1111/j.1651-2227.2011.02152.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

[21] Ministry of Education. The development of education: national report of Kenya. Report presented at: International Conference of Education, Geneva; 2008 Available from: http://www.ibe.unesco.org/National_Reports/ICE_2008/kenya_NR08.pdf. Accessed on September 22, 2015.Search in Google Scholar

[22] Onsongo J. Affirmative action, gender equity and university admissions – Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. London Review of Education. 2009;7(1):71–81.10.1080/14748460802700710Search in Google Scholar

[23] Donmall K. What it means to bleed: an exploration of young women’s experiences of menarche and menstruation. Br J Psychother. 2013;29(2):202–16.10.1111/bjp.12016Search in Google Scholar

[24] Njue C, Voeten H, Ahlberg B. ‘Youth in a void’: sexuality, HIV/AIDS and communication in Kenyan public schools. Sex Education. 2011;11(4):459–70.10.1080/14681811.2011.595271Search in Google Scholar

[25] Arumugam B, Nagalingam S, Varman PM, Ravi P, Ganesan R. Menstrual hygiene practices: is it practically impractical?. Int J Med Public Health. 2014;4(4):472.10.4103/2230-8598.144120Search in Google Scholar

[26] Plan International. Because I am a girl. Available from: http://plan-international.org/files/global/publications/campaigns/biag-2012-report-english. Accessed on September 22, 2015.Search in Google Scholar

[27] Tabachnick BG, Fidell IS. Using multivariate statistics. Boston, MA: Pearson, 2013.Search in Google Scholar

[28] Montgomery P, Ryus CR, Dolan CS, Dopson S, Scott LM. Sanitary pad interventions for girls’ education in Ghana: a pilot study. PLoS One. 2012;7(10):1–7.10.1371/journal.pone.0048274Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central