Risk behaviors related to violence and injury among school-going adolescents in Karnataka, Southern India
-
Subhashisa Swain
,
Padma Mohanan
Abstract
Background: Adolescence is a crucial stage of life. The development and practice of various risk behaviors predisposes the risk of getting injured and consequences in later life.
Study methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 381 adolescents (15–19 years) studying in different schools and colleges of Udupi. The Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS), Center for Disease Control (CDC) Questionnaire and the Atlanta Questionnaire and Guidelines was adopted for data collection. Behaviors such as poor obeying traffic rules while driving, violence at school premises, and suicidal thoughts of the participants were explored. Univariate analysis followed by multivariate logistic regression was done to estimate the predictors of violence-related behavior using the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) v. 20.
Results: In our study, 27.03% of students (total=381) had knowledge of traffic rules in detail, where 65% drove a motorized vehicle. Nearly 75% of students did not use a helmet or seatbelt while driving and 17% used a mobile phone for either talking or texting while driving. Considering all violence risk behaviors, 33.07% of students had at least and 18% had at least two violence-related risk behaviors. Nearly 21.78% thought of hitting somebody, 16.34% of boys and 9.5% of girls carried sharp objects to school, 18.81% of boys and 10.39% of girls damaged or stole other students’ property, 18.37% bullied others in the past month at the school campus, and 11.32% were involved in serious fights. Out of 381 students, 114 (30.32%) were bullied, 10% had been slapped intentionally, and 18% of girls felt unsafe to go out of their home because of threat compared with 15% of boys. In total, 71 (18.93%) students thought of suicide and 22 of them attempted it. Logistic regression showed that boys [odds ratio (OR): 1.72, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02–2.93) and students of 16 years of age (OR: 3.02, 95% CI: 1.06–9.02) affected or victimized by violent activities at school (OR: 3.23, 95% CI: 1.76–5.93) and bullied by others (OR: 2.6, 95% CI: 1.55–4.36) were determining factors for violence-related behaviors after adjusting for other variables.
Conclusion: There is a need to identify students at risk and for intervention addressing the risk factors. Further qualitative studies could provide more insight.
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank the Deputy Director of Public Instructions, Udupi district, all school authorities, parents, and students for cooperating in our study. We also thank the Statistics Department, Manipal University, Manipal for their technical support.
References
1. World Health Organization. Injuries and morbidity. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2012. Available at: http://www.who.int/topics/injuries/about/en/index.html. Accessed on July 10, 2013.Suche in Google Scholar
2. World Health Organization. Violence. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2013. Available at: http://www.who.int/topics/violence/en/. Accessed September 15, 2013.Suche in Google Scholar
3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Violence-related behaviors among high school students – United States, 1991–2003. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2004;53:651–5.Suche in Google Scholar
4. Lowry R, Powell KE, Kann L, Collins JL, Kolbe LJ. Weapon-carrying, physical fighting, and fight-related injury among U.S. adolescents. Am J Prev Med 1998;14:122–9.10.1016/S0749-3797(97)00020-2Suche in Google Scholar
5. Smith-Khuri E, Iachan R, Scheidt PC, Overpeck MD, Gabhainn SN, et al. A cross-national study of violence-related behaviors in adolescents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2004;158:539–44.10.1001/archpedi.158.6.539Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
6. Liang H, Flisher AJ, Lombard CJ. Bullying, violence, and risk behavior in South African school students. Child Abuse Negl 2007;31:161–71.10.1016/j.chiabu.2006.08.007Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
7. Flisher AJ, Ward CL, Liang H, Onya H, Mlisa N, et al. Injury-related behaviour among South African high-school students at six sites. South Afr Med J 2006;96:825–30.Suche in Google Scholar
8. Shaeffer Z, Dearden KA, de La Cruz NG, Crookston BT, Jensen JD, et al. Youth at risk: identifying correlates of violence in Bolivia. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2007;19:473–83.10.1515/IJAMH.2007.19.4.473Suche in Google Scholar
9. Sharma R, Grover VL, Chaturvedi S. Risk behaviors related to inter-personal violence among school and college-going adolescents in South Delhi. Indian J Community Med Off Publ Indian Assoc Prev Soc Med 2008;33:85–8.10.4103/0970-0218.40874Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
10. Chatterji C, Paul S, Basu G, Mukherjee A. Study on inter-personal violence among school going adolescents in a rural block of West Bengal. IOSR J Dental Med Sci 2012;3:41–4.10.9790/0853-0334144Suche in Google Scholar
11. Kanchan T, Menezes RG. Mortalities among children and adolescents in Manipal, Southern India. J Trauma 2008;64:1600–7.10.1097/TA.0b013e3180a032a1Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
12. Government of India. Census. Population of Udupi district in 2011. India: Government of India, 2011. Available at: http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/445-udupi.html. Accessed on August 20, 2013.Suche in Google Scholar
13. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). CDC – YRBS – Questionnaires and item rationales – adolescent and school health. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/yrbs/questionnaire_rationale.htm. Accessed September 15, 2013.Suche in Google Scholar
14. Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). A guide to conducting your own youth risk behavior survey. Atlanta, GA: Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Adolescent and School Health, 2010. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/yrbs/pdf/yrbs_conducting_your_own.pdf. Accessed on August 28, 2013.Suche in Google Scholar
15. Narain R, Sardana S, Gupta S, Sehgal A. Age at initiation and prevalence of tobacco use among school children in Noida, India: a cross-sectional questionnaire based survey. Indian J Med Res 2011;133:300–7.Suche in Google Scholar
16. Nayak MB, Korcha RA, Benegal V. Alcohol use, mental health, and HIV-related risk behaviors among adult men in Karnataka. AIDS Behav 2010;14(Suppl 1):S61–73.10.1007/s10461-010-9725-9Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
17. Kulkarni V, Kanchan T, Palanivel C, Papanna MK, Kumar N, et al. Awareness and practice of road safety measures among undergraduate medical students in a South Indian state. J Forensic Leg Med 2013;20:226–9.10.1016/j.jflm.2012.09.022Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
18. Kanchan T, Kulkarni V, Bakkannavar SM, Kumar N, Unnikrishnan B. Analysis of fatal road traffic accidents in a coastal township of South India. J Forensic Leg Med 2012;19:448–51.10.1016/j.jflm.2012.02.031Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
19. Kishore J, Singh A, Grewal I, Singh SR, Roy K. Risk behaviour in an urban and a rural male adolescent population. Natl Med J India 1999;12:107–10.Suche in Google Scholar
20. Zhang L, Johnson WD. Violence-related behaviors on school property among Mississippi Public High School students, 1993–2003. J Sch Health 2005;75:67–71.10.1111/j.1746-1561.2005.tb00013.xSuche in Google Scholar
21. Eaton DK, Kann L, Kinchen S, Shanklin S, Flint KH, et al. Youth risk behavior surveillance – United States, 2011. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Surveill Summ 2012;61:1–162.Suche in Google Scholar
22. Borowsky IW, Taliaferro LA, McMorris BJ. Suicidal thinking and behavior among youth involved in verbal and social bullying: risk and protective factors. J Adolesc Heal Off Publ Soc Adolesc Med 2013;53(Suppl 1):S4–12.10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.10.280Suche in Google Scholar
23. King CA, Horwitz A, Berona J, Jiang Q. Acutely suicidal adolescents who engage in bullying behavior: 1-year trajectories. J Adolesc Heal Off Publ Soc Adolesc Med 2013;53(Suppl 1):S43–50.10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.09.016Suche in Google Scholar
24. Lee L-K, Chen PCY, Lee K-K, Kaur J. Violence-related behaviours among Malaysian adolescents: a cross sectional survey among secondary school students in Negeri Sembilan. Ann Acad Med Singapore 2007;36:169–74.Suche in Google Scholar
25. Celbiş O, Karaoğlu L, Eğri M, Özdemir B. Violence among high school students in Malatya: a prevalence study. Turk J Med Sci 2012;42:343–50.10.3906/sag-1102-1394Suche in Google Scholar
26. Orpinas PK, Basen-Engquist K, Grunbaum JA, Parcel GS. The co-morbidity of violence-related behaviors with health-risk behaviors in a population of high school students. J Adolesc Heal Off Publ Soc Adolesc Med 1995;16:216–25.10.1016/1054-139X(94)00067-OSuche in Google Scholar
27. Henry KL, Knight KE, Thornberry TP. School disengagement as a predictor of dropout, delinquency, and problem substance use during adolescence and early adulthood. J Youth Adolesc 2012;41:156–66.10.1007/s10964-011-9665-3Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
28. Szombat M, François A. [Violence in schools, adolescents suffering]. Rev Médicale Brux 2012;33:22–5 (in French).Suche in Google Scholar
29. Pickett W, Craig W, Harel Y, Cunningham J, Simpson K, et al. Cross-national study of fighting and weapon carrying as determinants of adolescent injury. Pediatrics 2005;116:e855–63.10.1542/peds.2005-0607Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
30. Nansel TR, Overpeck MD, Haynie DL, Ruan WJ, Scheidt PC. Relationships between bullying and violence among US youth. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2003;157:348–53.10.1001/archpedi.157.4.348Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
31. Nansel TR, Overpeck M, Pilla RS, Ruan WJ, Simons-Morton B, et al. Bullying behaviors among US youth: prevalence and association with psychosocial adjustment. J Am Med Assoc 2001;285:2094–100.10.1001/jama.285.16.2094Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
32. Woźniak E, Talarowska M, Orzechowska A, Florkowski A, Gałecki P. [The prevalence of suicide attempts among children and adolescents]. Pol Merkur Lek Organ Pol Towar Lek 2013;34:154–7 (in Polish).Suche in Google Scholar
33. Kirkcaldy BD, Siefen GR, Urkin J, Merrick J. Risk factors for suicidal behavior in adolescents. Minerva Pediatr 2006;58:443–50.Suche in Google Scholar
©2014 by De Gruyter
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Cardiovascular disease and prevention
- Reviews
- Future orientation: a construct with implications for adolescent health and wellbeing
- Aortic dilatation and dissection in Turner syndrome: What we know, what we are unclear about and what we should do in clinical practice?
- Original articles
- Gender differences in early trauma and high-risk behaviors among street-entrenched youth in British Columbia
- Health-promoting lifestyle and its predictors among Iranian adolescent girls, 2013
- Health risk behaviors and sexual initiation among in-school adolescents in rural communities in southwestern Nigeria
- Is change in health behavior of Dutch medical students related to change in their ideas on how a physician’s lifestyle influences their patient’s lifestyle?
- Awareness of current recommendations and guidelines regarding strength training for youth
- Non-medical prescription drug and illicit street drug use among young Swiss men and associated mental health issues
- Prevalence of health behaviors and their associated factors among a sample of university students in India
- Quality of life measures and psychiatric symptoms in adolescents with systemic lupus erythematosus and familial Mediterranean fever
- Risk behaviors related to violence and injury among school-going adolescents in Karnataka, Southern India
- Polycystic ovary syndrome in Iranian adolescents
- Relational stressors as predictors for repeat aggressive and self-harming incidents in child and adolescent psychiatric inpatient settings
- Effect of life skills training on physical activity patterns amongst school adolescents in Delhi: a non-randomized interventional study
- Association of oral hygiene habits and food intake with the risk of dental caries among undergraduate university women in Saudi Arabia
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Cardiovascular disease and prevention
- Reviews
- Future orientation: a construct with implications for adolescent health and wellbeing
- Aortic dilatation and dissection in Turner syndrome: What we know, what we are unclear about and what we should do in clinical practice?
- Original articles
- Gender differences in early trauma and high-risk behaviors among street-entrenched youth in British Columbia
- Health-promoting lifestyle and its predictors among Iranian adolescent girls, 2013
- Health risk behaviors and sexual initiation among in-school adolescents in rural communities in southwestern Nigeria
- Is change in health behavior of Dutch medical students related to change in their ideas on how a physician’s lifestyle influences their patient’s lifestyle?
- Awareness of current recommendations and guidelines regarding strength training for youth
- Non-medical prescription drug and illicit street drug use among young Swiss men and associated mental health issues
- Prevalence of health behaviors and their associated factors among a sample of university students in India
- Quality of life measures and psychiatric symptoms in adolescents with systemic lupus erythematosus and familial Mediterranean fever
- Risk behaviors related to violence and injury among school-going adolescents in Karnataka, Southern India
- Polycystic ovary syndrome in Iranian adolescents
- Relational stressors as predictors for repeat aggressive and self-harming incidents in child and adolescent psychiatric inpatient settings
- Effect of life skills training on physical activity patterns amongst school adolescents in Delhi: a non-randomized interventional study
- Association of oral hygiene habits and food intake with the risk of dental caries among undergraduate university women in Saudi Arabia
