Abstract
Georges Bataille’s significance as a philosopher can be disputed, but his relevance for the study of laughter cannot be overlooked nor should the role he gives to nothingness be underestimated. To appreciate the 20th-century French thinker’s view of the divinity of nothingness, a presentation of his complex reflection on laughter is in order. I attempt to provide as coherent an account as possible, so that in assessing the originality and viability of Bataille’s theory of laughter we may enlighten his views on the divinity of nothing. The interest of Bataille in the relation between philosophy and laughter is explicitly stated: He declares that insofar as he is a philosopher, he is a “philosopher of laughter”; he considers laughter the puzzle which “at all costs” he “would solve” because if solved, it “would of itself solve everything”; and he maintains that “laughter is the central given, the first given, and perhaps even the final given behind philosophy.” Following his extraordinary experiences with laughter, in which, “illuminated convulsively,” he discovered that laughter was revelation, that it “opened up the depth of things,” Bataille declared laughter divine and confessed to his fear of being ultimately “LAUGHTER ITSELF!” Defining himself a mystic in line with the mystics of all times, I argue that his thought and practice of laughter consist of a mysticism of laughter rather than a laughing mysticism. The originality of this view reduces its viability: it is intrinsically connected with Bataillean experiences of laughter and with his argument that one should lose rather than save oneself.
References
Georges Bataille’s Works Suche in Google Scholar
In French Suche in Google Scholar
Bataille, Georges. 1926. “Conférences sur le non-savoir.” Tel Quel 10: 3–20.Suche in Google Scholar
Bataille, Georges. 1942/1973. Le rire de Nietzsche. In Œuvres complètes 6: La Somme athéologique, Vol. 2, 307–14. Paris: Gallimard.Suche in Google Scholar
Bataille, Georges. 1943/1973. L’expérience interieure. In Œuvres complètes 5: La Somme Athéologique, Vol. 1, 9–234. Paris: Gallimard.Suche in Google Scholar
Bataille, Georges. 1944/1973. Le coupable. In Œuvres complètes 5: La Somme athéologique, Vol. 1, 235–66. Paris: Gallimard.Suche in Google Scholar
Bataille, Georges. 1945. Nietzsche: Memorandum. Paris: Gallimard.Suche in Google Scholar
Bataille, Georges. 1967. La pratique de la joie devant la mort. Texte établi par Bernard Noël. Paris: Mercure de France.Suche in Google Scholar
Bataille, Georges. 1970. Œuvres Complètes. With an Introduction by Michel Foucault, Vol. 12. Paris: Gallimard.Suche in Google Scholar
Bataille, Georges. 2000. Une liberté souveraine. Textes et entretiens réunis et présentés par Michel Surya. Paris: Farrago.Suche in Google Scholar
Translations Suche in Google Scholar
Bataille, Georges, and Michelson, Annette. 1986. “Un-knowing: Laughter and Tears.” trans. Annette Michelson. October 36: 81–5, https://doi.org/10.2307/778556.Suche in Google Scholar
Bataille, Georges. 1985. “The Notion of Expenditure.” In Visions of Excess: Selected Writings 1927–39, Allan Stoekl, Carl R. Lovitt, Donald M. Leslie Jr. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Bataille, Georges. 1988a. “Alleluia. The Catechism of Dianus.” In Guilty, Trans. Bruce Boone with an Introduction by Denis Hollier. Venice CA: The Lapis Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Bataille, Georges. 1988b. Guilty, Trans. Bruce Boone with an Introduction by Denis Hollier. Venice CA: The Lapis Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Bataille, Georges. 1988c. Inner Experience. Trans. and with an Introduction by Leslie Anne Boldt. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Bataille, Georges. 1988d. “Attraction and Repulsion I: Tropisms, Sexuality, Laughter and Tears.” In The College of Sociology (1937–9), edited by D. Hollier. Trans. B. Wing. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minneapolis Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Bataille, Georges. 1988e. “Attraction and Repulsion II: Social Structure.” In The College of Sociology (1937–9), edited by D. Hollier. Trans. B. Wing. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minneapolis Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Bataille, Georges. 1989. My Mother, Madame Edwarda, The Dead Man. Trans. Austryn Wainhouse. New York: Marion Boyars.Suche in Google Scholar
Bataille, Georges. 1990. “Hegel, Death and Sacrifice.” In On Bataille, Yale French Studies 78. Allan Stoekl (ed.), New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.10.2307/2930112Suche in Google Scholar
Bataille, Georges. 1991a. The Impossible. Trans. Robert Hurley. San Francisco, CA: City Lights Books.Suche in Google Scholar
Bataille, Georges. 1991b. The Tears of Eros. Trans. Peter Connor. San Francisco, CA: City Lights Books.Suche in Google Scholar
Bataille, Georges. 1992. On Nietzsche. Trans. Bruce Boone with an introduction by Sylvère Lotringer. New York: Paragon Books.Suche in Google Scholar
Additional References Suche in Google Scholar
Amir, Lydia. 2016. “Georges Bataille on Experience.” Utopía y Praxis Latinoamericana, Revista Internacional de Filosofía Iberoamericana y Teoría Social 21/72: 13–26.Suche in Google Scholar
Amir, Lydia. 2020. “The Democritean Tradition in Santayana, Nietzsche, and Montaigne. Part I.” In Overheard in Seville: Bulletin of the Santayana Society, Vol. 38, 74–92. https://doi.org/10.5840/santayana20203816.Suche in Google Scholar
Amir, Lydia. 2021. The Legacy of Nietzsche’s Philosophy of Laughter: Bataille, Deleuze, and Rosset. New York: Routledge.10.4324/9780429506116Suche in Google Scholar
Baitinger, Frédéric. 2015a. “Je ris, donc je pense: Rire et souveraineté dans l’œuvre de Georges Bataille.” Revue Humoresques 41: 117–29.Suche in Google Scholar
Baitinger, Frédéric. 2015b. “De quoi rire, ici-bas, sinon du Phallus? : lecture psychanalytique du roman Ma mère de Georges Bataille.” Les Cahiers Tristan Tzara, 231–48.Suche in Google Scholar
Barthes, Roland. 1994. Roland Barthes by Roland Barthes. Trans. Richard Howard. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Bergson, Henri. 1975 (1900). Le Rire: Essai sur la signification du comique. Paris: PUF.Suche in Google Scholar
Bergson, Henri. 1999. Laughter: An Essay on the Meaning of the Comic. Trans. C. Bereton & F. Rothwell (eds.), Kobenhavn and Los Angeles: Green Interger.Suche in Google Scholar
Boldt-Irons, Leslie Anne. 1995, “Introduction.” In On Bataille: Critical Essays, and trans. Leslie A. Boldt-Irons (ed.), 1–40. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Borch-Jacobsen, Mikkel. 1998. “The Laughter of Being.” In Bataille: A Critical Reader, Fred Botting & Scott Wilson (eds.), 146–66. Oxford and Malden, MA: Blackwell.Suche in Google Scholar
Bordun, Troy M. 2013. Georges Bataille, Philosopher of Laughter. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mllgradconference/2013Conference/MLL2013/1/.Suche in Google Scholar
Botting, Fred & Scott Wilson (eds.), 1997. The Bataille Reader. Oxford and Malden, MA: Blackwell.Suche in Google Scholar
Bruno, Jean. 1963. “Les Techniques D’illumination Chez Georges Bataille.” Critique 195/196: 706–20.Suche in Google Scholar
Bürger, Peter. 2002. The Thinking of the Master: Bataille Between Hegel And Surrealism. Trans. and Introduction Richard Block. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Chapsal, Madeleine. 1984. “Envoyez la petite musique. Trans. Michel Richardson.” In Georges Bataille – Essential Writings, M. Richardson (ed.), 220–4. London: Sage, 1998.Suche in Google Scholar
Connor, Peter T. 2000. Georges Bataille and the Mysticism of Sin. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Critique. 1963. 195/196: Hommage à Georges Bataille. Suche in Google Scholar
Cusset, Catherine. 1995. “Technique de l’impossible.” In Georges Bataille après tout, Denis Hollier (ed.), 171–89. Paris: Editions Berlin.Suche in Google Scholar
Davis, Jessica Milner. 2011. “The Fool and the Path to Spiritual Insight.” In Humour and Religion: Challenges and Ambiguity, Hans Geybels & Walter van Herck (eds.), 218–47. London: Continuum.Suche in Google Scholar
Derrida, Jacques. 1998. “From Restricted to General Economy: A Hegelianism without Reserve.” In Bataille: A Critical Reader, Fred Botting & Scott Wilson (eds.), 102–30. Oxford and Malden, MA: Blackwell.Suche in Google Scholar
Douglas, Mary. 1975. “Jokes.” In Implicit Meanings: Essays in Anthropology. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.Suche in Google Scholar
Fedotov, Georgiĭ P. 1966. The Russian Religious Mind. 2 Vols. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Suche in Google Scholar
ffrench, Patrick. 1995. The Time of Theory: A History of Tel Quel 1960–1983. Oxford: The Clarendon Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Foljambe, Alan. 2008. “An Intimate Destruction: Tantric Buddhism, Desire and the Body in Surrealism and Georges Bataille.” A thesis submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Humanities. PhD diss., University of Manchester. Manchester, England.Suche in Google Scholar
Forest, Philippe. 1992. Histoire de Tel Quel. Paris: Editions du Seuil.Suche in Google Scholar
Foucault, Michel. 1998. “A Preface to Transgression.” In Bataille: A Critical Reader, Fred Botting & Scott Wilson (eds.), 24–40. Oxford and Malden, MA: Blackwell.Suche in Google Scholar
Foucault, Michel. 1999. “Essential Works of Michel Foucault, 1954-1984.” In Paul Rabinow (ed.), Volume II: Aesthetics, Method, and Epistemology, Vol. 3, 1997–9. New York: The New Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Gilhus, Ingvild Saelid. 1991. “Religion, Laughter, and the Ludicrous.” Religion 21: 257–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-721x-91-90050-z.Suche in Google Scholar
Gilhus, Ingvild Saelid. 1997. Laughing Gods, Weeping Virgins: Laughter in the History of Religion. London: Routledge.Suche in Google Scholar
Habermas, Jürgen. 1998. “The French Path to Postmodernity: Bataille between Eroticism and General Economics. Trans. Frederick Lawrence.” In Bataille: A Critical Reader, Fred Botting & Scott Wilson (eds.), 167–91. Oxford and Malden, MA: Blackwell.Suche in Google Scholar
Heimonet, Jean-Michel. 1996. “Bataille et Sartre: The Modernity of Mysticism.” Trans. Emoretta Yang. Diacritics 26: 2.10.1353/dia.1996.0016Suche in Google Scholar
Hill, Leslie. 2001. Bataille, Klossowski, Blanchot: Writing at the Limit. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198159711.001.0001Suche in Google Scholar
Hussey, Andrew. 2000. The Inner Scar: The Mysticism of Georges Bataille. Amsterdam: Rudopi.10.1163/9789004455993Suche in Google Scholar
Hyers, M. Conrad. 1974. Zen and the Comic Spirit. Philadelphia, PA: Westminster Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Irwin, Alexander. 2002. Saints of the Impossible: Bataille, Weil, and the Politics of the Sacred. Minneapolis, MN, and London: University of Minnesota Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Kant, Immanuel. 1911. Critique of Aesthetic Judgement. Trans. with Seven Introductory Essays, Notes, and Analytical Index by James Creed Meredith. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Kate, Laurens ten. 1994. De Lege Plaats. Revoltes tegen Het Instrumentele Leven in Batailles atheologie. Kampen: Kok Agora.Suche in Google Scholar
Land, Nick. 1992. The Thirst for Annihilation: Georges Bataille and Virulent Nihilism (an Essay in Atheistic Religion). London and New York: Routledge.Suche in Google Scholar
Libertson, Joseph. 1982. Proximity: Levinas, Blanchot, Bataille and Communication. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.10.1007/978-94-009-7449-4Suche in Google Scholar
Libertson, Joseph. 1995 (1974). “Bataille and Communication: Savoir, Non-savoir, Glissement, Rire.” In On Bataille: Critical Essays and trans. Leslie A. Boldt-Irons (ed.), 209–71. Albany, NY: SUNY Press. Reprinted from SubStance 4/10 (Autumn, 1974): 47–65.10.2307/3683945Suche in Google Scholar
Marcel, Gabriel. 1945. “Le Refus du salut et l’exaltation de l’homme absurde.” In Homo viator, 259–79. Paris: Aubier.Suche in Google Scholar
Marmysz, John. 2003. Laughing at Nothing: Humor as a Response to Nihilism. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.10.1353/book4718Suche in Google Scholar
Massud Farzan, Kursiv. 1973. A Collection Of Sufi Humor. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co.Suche in Google Scholar
Nietzsche, Friedrich. (1935) 1995. La Volonté de puissance, texte établi par Friedrich Würzbach, trad. Geneviève Bianquis, (2397 aphorismes). Paris: Republished by Gallimard, Collection Tel. numéro 259 et 260, 1995.Suche in Google Scholar
Nietzsche, Friedrich. 1954. “Thus Spoke Zarathustra.” In The Portable Nietzsche, W. Kaufmann (ed.). New York: Vintage.Suche in Google Scholar
Pagnol, Marcel. 2016. Notes sur le Rire. Paris: Editions de Fallois.Suche in Google Scholar
Parvulescu, Anca. 2010. Laughter – Notes on a Passion. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Plotnitsky, Arkady. 1993. Reconfigurations: Critical Theory and General Economy. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida.Suche in Google Scholar
Privitello, Lucio A. 2003. “Animality and Laughter: Contributions to a Theory at the Borders of Philosophical Discourse.” Diss., Villanova University, Villanova, PA.Suche in Google Scholar
Privitello, Lucio A. 2007. “Bodies at Play: A General Economy of Performance.” In Reading Bataille Now, edited by Shannon, Winnubst Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Richardson, Michael. 1994. Georges Bataille. London: Routledge.Suche in Google Scholar
Richardson, Michael, ed. 1998. Georges Bataille – Essential Writings. London: Sage.Suche in Google Scholar
Sartre, Jean-Paul. 1947. In Un Nouveau Mystique. In Situations I. Paris: Gallimard.Suche in Google Scholar
Scharfstein, Ben-Ami. 1972. The Mystical Experience. Tel-Aviv: Am Oved.Suche in Google Scholar
Shah, Idries. 1977. The Sufis. London: Octagon Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Stoekl, Allan. 1995. “Recognition in Madame Edwarda.” In Bataille: Writing the Sacred, edited byBailey Gill Carolyn, 77–89. London and New York: Routledge.Suche in Google Scholar
Surya, Michel. 1992. Georges Bataille: la mort à l’âme. Paris: Gallimard.Suche in Google Scholar
Surya, Michel. 2002. Georges Bataille: An Intellectual Biography. Trans. Krzysztof Fijalkowski and Michael Richardson. London: Verso.Suche in Google Scholar
Syrkin, Alexander. 1982. “On the Behavior of the “Fools for Christ’s Sake”.” History of Religions 22 (2): 150–71. https://doi.org/10.1086/462917.Suche in Google Scholar
Trahair, Lisa. 2001. “The Comedy of Philosophy: Bataille, Hegel and Derrida.” Angelaki: Journal of the Theoretical Humanities 6 (3): 155–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/09697250120088003.Suche in Google Scholar
Viola, Gianluca. 2025. “Crying and Laughing Together: Georges Bataille, Friendship, and Deep Emotions.” Philosophy of Humor Yearbook 6: 51–70. https://doi.org/10.1515/phhumyb-2025-0003.Suche in Google Scholar
Wahl, Jean. 1963. “Le pouvoir et le non-pouvoir.” Critique 195 (196): 778–94.Suche in Google Scholar
Warin, François. 1994. Nietzsche et Bataille: La parodie à l’infini. Paris: PUF.10.3917/puf.warin.1994.01Suche in Google Scholar
Zwart, Hub. 1996. Ethical Consensus and the Truth of Laughter: The Structure of Moral Transformations. Kampen: Kok Pharos.Suche in Google Scholar
© 2025 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston