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Non-B HIV-1 subtypes in sub-Saharan Africa: impact of subtype on protease inhibitor efficacy

  • Previn Naicker

    Previn Naicker received his BSc and BMedSci (Hons) from the University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. He is currently a PhD candidate under the supervision of Professor Yasien Sayed. His research interests include protein dynamics and biochemistry.

    and Yasien Sayed

    Yasien Sayed obtained his BSc (Hons) and PhD (2001) in Biochemistry from the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. He is an associate professor and research leader of the HIV/AIDS Proteins Research Group located in the Protein Structure-Function Research Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology. His research interests are in the areas of HIV protein structure, stability, enzyme kinetics, biological thermodynamics and x-ray crystallography.

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Published/Copyright: September 5, 2014

Abstract

In 2012, 25 million people [71% of global human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection] were estimated to be living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. Of these, approximately 1.6 million were new infections and 1.2 million deaths occurred. South Africa alone accounted for 31% of HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) deaths in sub-Saharan Africa. This disturbing statistic indicates that South Africa remains the epicenter of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, compounded by the fact that only 36% of HIV-positive patients in South Africa have access to antiretroviral (ARV) treatment. Drug resistance mutations have emerged, and current ARVs show reduced efficacy against non-B subtypes. In addition, several recent studies have shown an increased prevalence of non-B African HIV strains in the Americas and Europe. Therefore, the use of ARVs in a non-B HIV-1 subtype context requires further investigation. HIV-1 subtype C protease, found largely in sub-Saharan Africa, has been under-investigated when compared with the subtype B protease, which predominates in North America and Europe. This review, therefore, focuses on HIV-1 proteases from B and C subtypes.


Corresponding author: Yasien Sayed, Protein Structure-Function Research Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa, e-mail:

About the authors

Previn Naicker

Previn Naicker received his BSc and BMedSci (Hons) from the University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. He is currently a PhD candidate under the supervision of Professor Yasien Sayed. His research interests include protein dynamics and biochemistry.

Yasien Sayed

Yasien Sayed obtained his BSc (Hons) and PhD (2001) in Biochemistry from the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. He is an associate professor and research leader of the HIV/AIDS Proteins Research Group located in the Protein Structure-Function Research Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology. His research interests are in the areas of HIV protein structure, stability, enzyme kinetics, biological thermodynamics and x-ray crystallography.

Acknowledgments

Y.S. acknowledges financial support by the University of the Witwatersrand, South African National Research Foundation (grant: NRF Thuthuka/REDIBA) and the South African Medical Research Council (MRC). Y.S. acknowledges that even though the work is supported by the MRC, the views and opinions expressed are not those of the MRC but of the authors of the material produced or publicized.

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Received: 2014-3-5
Accepted: 2014-5-12
Published Online: 2014-9-5
Published in Print: 2014-10-1

©2014 by De Gruyter

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