Association of angiotensin converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism with diabetic retinopathy in middle-aged Indians with type 2 diabetes mellitus
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Pramita Dutta
,
Anindya Dasgupta
und
Swati Majumder
Abstract
Objectives
There are conflicting reports regarding the association of angiotensin 1 converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism with diabetic retinopathy (DR). We compared ACE gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism between patients with and without DR in a middle-aged Indian population. The secondary outcome measure was the comparison of ACE gene I/D polymorphism in different grades of DR severity.
Methods
Institutional cross-sectional case-control study with middle-aged (45–64 years) type 2 diabetes patients from Eastern India with DR (DR group) and without DR (NODR group). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to determine the ACE gene I/D polymorphism through primers flanking the polymorphic region of 287 bp Alu repeat sequence in intron 16.
Results
Genotyping for the ACE gene I/D polymorphisms were done for 107 patients in each group. The presence of DR had no significant association with the prevalence of ACE I/D genotype compared to those without DR either in the recessive model (p=0.588) or in the dominant model (p=0.891). The allele contrast was also similar between DR and NODR (p=0.837) groups. The severity of retinopathy was associated with the ACE I/D genotype in the recessive model (p=0.043) but not in the dominant model (p=0.136). However, the severity of retinopathy was associated with allele contrast (p=0.016).
Conclusions
The ACE gene polymorphism was not associated with diabetic retinopathy in middle-aged Indian patients with type 2 diabetes in our study. However, the severity of DR was associated with the ACE gene polymorphism in these patients.
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Research ethics: Prior permission for the study was obtained from the ethics committee of our institute (EC registration number (CDSCO)-ECR/771/Inst/Wb/2015) and the study was conducted in accordance with the declaration of Helsinki (as revised in 2013).
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Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individuals included in this study, or their legal guardians or wards.
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Author contributions: The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission. All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Pramita Dutta, Swati Majumder, Anindya Dasgupta. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Sambuddha Ghosh and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Competing interests: None.
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Research funding: None declared.
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Data availability: The raw data can be obtained on request from the corresponding author.
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Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Review Articles
- Navigating the challenges: exploring the association between COVID-19 lockdowns and eating behavior in university students: a systematic review and investigation of factors impacting ed levels
- The undervalued league of insulin resistance testing: uncovering their importance
- Original Articles
- The spectrum of clinical, hormonal findings in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia in Isfahan province; a 20-year review
- Association of angiotensin converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism with diabetic retinopathy in middle-aged Indians with type 2 diabetes mellitus
- The evaluation of melatonin and EGF interaction on breast cancer metastasis
- Potential therapeutic properties of broccoli extract and soy isoflavones on improvement endometriosis and involved oxidative parameters
