Melatonin and cryptochrome 2 in metabolic syndrome patients with or without diabetes: a cross-sectional study
-
Ibrahim Abdul Kareem Al-Sarraf
,
Amal Akour
Abstract
Background
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic risk factors which increases the chances for future cardiovascular diseases, as well as diabetes. The underlying causes of MetS include overweight and obesity, physical inactivity and genetic factors. Our intension here was to focus in this study on the importance of the chronobiology, represented by melatonin (MT) and cryptochrome 2 (CRY2), in developing MetS and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Thus, we aimed to compare MT and CRY2 plasma levels and correlate both biomarkers with adiposity, atherogenicity and hematological indices in MetS and T2DM cohorts.
Methods
In a cross-sectional study, 28 normoglycemic lean subjects (controls), 29 normoglycemic MetS subjects and 30 MetS (pre-diabetic/diabetic) were recruited.
Results
MT (pg/mL) was elevated significantly in MetS arm p-value < 0.05, whereas CRY2 levels (ng/mL) were markedly higher in both MetS groups (non-diabetic and pre-diabetic/diabetic) (all with p-value < 0.001). A reciprocal MT-CRY2 relationship was observed in the MetS (non-diabetic) group (p-value = 0.003). Of note in the total study population, both MT and CRY2 proportionally correlated with each of the following: atherogenicity index of plasma (AIP), waist circumference (WC) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (all with p-value < 0.05) for MT and CRY2, respectively). Whereas MT correlated inversely with high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (p-value < 0.05). Additionally, CRY2 correlated directly with each of the following: diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), hip circumference (HC), body adiposity index (BAI), weight-to-height (WHtR) ratio, mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) (p-value < 0.05).
Conclusion
These findings substantiate that both metabolic risk biomarkers can be prognostic tools and pharmacotherapeutic targets to slowdown the accelerated nature of T2DM.
Acknowledgment
The Deanship of Academic Research and Quality Assurance/The University of Jordan is graciously thanked for supporting this research.
Author Statement
Research funding: Authors state no funding was involved.
Conflict of interest: Authors state no conflict of interest.
Informed consent: Each participant provided informed consent.
Ethical approval: The research related to human use complied with all the relevant national regulations and institutional policies, was performed in accordance to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study took place in the diabetes and endocrinology outpatient clinics and the blood bank in the Jordan University Hospital (JUH) after the approval from the scientific research committee at the School of Pharmacy at the University of Jordan and the JUH Institutional Review Board (IRB). Each participant provided informed consent.
Author Contributions: Authors contributed equally in experimental design, data collection and analyses, manuscript write up, reviewing and approving.
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©2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Original Articles
- Melatonin and cryptochrome 2 in metabolic syndrome patients with or without diabetes: a cross-sectional study
- Changes to trimethylamine-N-oxide and its precursors in nascent metabolic syndrome
- Is FGF23 effective on insulin resistance in individuals with metabolic syndrome?
- Review Article
- Circulating low density lipoprotein (LDL)
- Case Report
- Congenital complete heart block in pregnancy
Articles in the same Issue
- Original Articles
- Melatonin and cryptochrome 2 in metabolic syndrome patients with or without diabetes: a cross-sectional study
- Changes to trimethylamine-N-oxide and its precursors in nascent metabolic syndrome
- Is FGF23 effective on insulin resistance in individuals with metabolic syndrome?
- Review Article
- Circulating low density lipoprotein (LDL)
- Case Report
- Congenital complete heart block in pregnancy
