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Agricultural utilization of lignosulfonates

  • Gerhild K. Wurzer , Hubert Hettegger ORCID logo EMAIL logo , Robert H. Bischof , Karin Fackler , Antje Potthast ORCID logo and Thomas Rosenau EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: December 13, 2021
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Abstract

Lignosulfonates (LSs) are by-products of the pulp and paper industry from pulping of lignocellulosic biomass according to the sulfite process. This renewable material already plays a role in low-value applications, such as binding agents for fuel, pellets, as a feed additive, or as a dispersant. Another possible field of application of this technical lignin type is agriculture. It is known that this eco-friendly and cheap material can improve soil quality, fertilizer efficacy and replace or decrease the use of potentially (eco)toxic organic or inorganic substances. The use of LS in agriculture and five main strategies for the implementation of LS in soil are discussed in this review: LS as a complexing agent with micronutrients, co-pelleting of LS with (macro)nutrients, capsule formation with LS for coating of fertilizers or pesticides, LS as a biostimulant, and ammonoxidation of LS. All five ways can be beneficial in fertilizer-related applications, either to slow down the release of nutrients or pesticides, to substitute harmful chemicals, or to inhibit nitrification and modify fertilizer behaviour. Nevertheless, application and long-time studies are often missing, and more research is required for generating products that are economically competitive to commercial bulk products.


Corresponding authors: Hubert Hettegger, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, A-3430 Tulln, Austria, E-mail: ; and Thomas Rosenau, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, A-3430 Tulln, Austria; and Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3, FI-20500 Åbo, Finland, E-mail:

Funding source: University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences

Funding source: Lenzing AG 10.13039/501100009552

  1. Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

  2. Research funding: We would like to thank the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), the County of Lower Austria, and Lenzing AG for their financial support in the framework of the Austrian Biorefinery Center Tulln (ABCT) and the BOKU doctoral school Advanced Biorefineries – Chemistry & Materials (ABC&M).

  3. Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.

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Received: 2021-06-17
Accepted: 2021-10-20
Published Online: 2021-12-13
Published in Print: 2022-02-23

© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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