Abstract
Lignosulfonates (LSs) are by-products of the pulp and paper industry from pulping of lignocellulosic biomass according to the sulfite process. This renewable material already plays a role in low-value applications, such as binding agents for fuel, pellets, as a feed additive, or as a dispersant. Another possible field of application of this technical lignin type is agriculture. It is known that this eco-friendly and cheap material can improve soil quality, fertilizer efficacy and replace or decrease the use of potentially (eco)toxic organic or inorganic substances. The use of LS in agriculture and five main strategies for the implementation of LS in soil are discussed in this review: LS as a complexing agent with micronutrients, co-pelleting of LS with (macro)nutrients, capsule formation with LS for coating of fertilizers or pesticides, LS as a biostimulant, and ammonoxidation of LS. All five ways can be beneficial in fertilizer-related applications, either to slow down the release of nutrients or pesticides, to substitute harmful chemicals, or to inhibit nitrification and modify fertilizer behaviour. Nevertheless, application and long-time studies are often missing, and more research is required for generating products that are economically competitive to commercial bulk products.
Funding source: University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Funding source: Lenzing AG 10.13039/501100009552
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Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
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Research funding: We would like to thank the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), the County of Lower Austria, and Lenzing AG for their financial support in the framework of the Austrian Biorefinery Center Tulln (ABCT) and the BOKU doctoral school Advanced Biorefineries – Chemistry & Materials (ABC&M).
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Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
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Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Celebrating 75 years of Holzforschung
- A brief overview on the development of wood research
- Metabolite profiling reveals complex relationship between developing xylem metabolism and intra-ring checking in Pinus radiata
- Synthesis of hydroxycinnamoyl shikimates and their role in monolignol biosynthesis
- Cryo secondary ion mass spectrometry for wood component visualization: a mini review
- Agricultural utilization of lignosulfonates
- Characterization of cellulose and TEMPO-oxidized celluloses prepared from Eucalyptus globulus
- Critical load for buckling of solid wood elements with a high slenderness ratio determined based on elastica theory
- Mapping the biotic degradation hazard of wood in Europe – biophysical background, engineering applications, and climate change-induced prospects
- Designing functional wood materials for novel engineering applications
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Celebrating 75 years of Holzforschung
- A brief overview on the development of wood research
- Metabolite profiling reveals complex relationship between developing xylem metabolism and intra-ring checking in Pinus radiata
- Synthesis of hydroxycinnamoyl shikimates and their role in monolignol biosynthesis
- Cryo secondary ion mass spectrometry for wood component visualization: a mini review
- Agricultural utilization of lignosulfonates
- Characterization of cellulose and TEMPO-oxidized celluloses prepared from Eucalyptus globulus
- Critical load for buckling of solid wood elements with a high slenderness ratio determined based on elastica theory
- Mapping the biotic degradation hazard of wood in Europe – biophysical background, engineering applications, and climate change-induced prospects
- Designing functional wood materials for novel engineering applications