Fracture mechanisms of softwood under longitudinal tensile load at the cell wall scale
-
Dong Wang
,
Feng Fu
Abstract
This study was undertaken to elucidate the longitudinal tensile fracture behaviors of softwood at the cell wall scale by means of microscopic analyses. The fracture types of the tracheids at the different fracture surfaces were also distinguished. The results indicated that the main tracheid fracture of the earlywood (EW) sample was transverse transwall breakage. The tracheid fracture process of the transverse transwall breakage was initiated as a fracture in the S2 layer, with the crack propagating into the S1/S2 interface. For the EW/latewood (LW) sample, the strain concentration and initial crack under longitudinal tensile load generally occurred in wood rays in the EW part, which caused the tracheids to experience transverse transwall breakage. The differences in longitudinal and transverse strains between EW and LW under longitudinal tensile load led to shear stress and parallel-to-grain cracks occurring at the growth ring border. When the crack propagated along the wood grain in the EW tissue or growth ring boundary, this resulted in EW longitudinal transwall breakage. However, when the crack propagates along the wood grain in the LW tissue, it could cause the LW tracheid to undergo intrawall breakage, with the crack occurring predominantly at the compound middle lamella (CML)/S1 interface region.
Funding source: Nature Science Foundation of China
Award Identifier / Grant number: 31770597
Funding source: China Scholarship Council
Award Identifier / Grant number: 201803270009
Funding statement: The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Nature Science Foundation of China (no. 31770597) and the program from the China Scholarship Council (no. 201803270009).
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
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©2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Original Articles
- Monitoring fungus infestation of common beech wood using terahertz radiation
- Study of xylan and cellulose interactions monitored with solid-state NMR and QCM-D
- Predicting the lignin H/G ratio of Pinus sylvestris L. wood samples by PLS-R models based on near-infrared spectroscopy
- Kraft lignin reaction with paraformaldehyde
- Exploring the formaldehyde reactivity of tannins with different molecular weight distributions: bayberry tannins and larch tannins
- Chemical analysis and thermal stability of African mahogany (Khaya ivorensis A. Chev) condensed tannins
- Chemical improvement of surfaces. Part 5: surfactants as structural lead for wood hydrophobization – covalent modification with p-alkylated benzoates
- Fracture mechanisms of softwood under longitudinal tensile load at the cell wall scale
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Original Articles
- Monitoring fungus infestation of common beech wood using terahertz radiation
- Study of xylan and cellulose interactions monitored with solid-state NMR and QCM-D
- Predicting the lignin H/G ratio of Pinus sylvestris L. wood samples by PLS-R models based on near-infrared spectroscopy
- Kraft lignin reaction with paraformaldehyde
- Exploring the formaldehyde reactivity of tannins with different molecular weight distributions: bayberry tannins and larch tannins
- Chemical analysis and thermal stability of African mahogany (Khaya ivorensis A. Chev) condensed tannins
- Chemical improvement of surfaces. Part 5: surfactants as structural lead for wood hydrophobization – covalent modification with p-alkylated benzoates
- Fracture mechanisms of softwood under longitudinal tensile load at the cell wall scale
