Startseite Purification of pulp mill condensates by an adsorptive process on activated carbon
Artikel
Lizenziert
Nicht lizenziert Erfordert eine Authentifizierung

Purification of pulp mill condensates by an adsorptive process on activated carbon

  • José A.F. Gamelas EMAIL logo , Sofia M. Rebola , Margarita G. Evtyugina , Valdemar I. Esteves und Dmitry V. Evtuguin EMAIL logo
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 17. Januar 2019
Veröffentlichen auch Sie bei De Gruyter Brill
Manuskript einreichen Informationen für Autor*innen
Holzforschung
Aus der Zeitschrift Holzforschung Band 73 Heft 6

Abstract

In order to close the water cycle in pulp mills with condensates instead of fresh water, the malodorous/hazardous volatile compounds and colored substances have to be removed by appropriate efficient methods. In the present work, the condensate from the evaporation of black liquor (BL) from a kraft mill was purified by a batch adsorptive process by means of commercial activated carbon (AC). The effluent was found to contain a wide range of aromatic and organosulfur volatile compounds, including toluene, ethylguaicol, syringaldehyde, dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS), 2,3-dimethylthiophene, benzothiol and benzothiophene derivatives. Methanol was the major volatile organic component in the condensate (201 mg l−1), which was, however, poorly adsorbed on the AC surface. Aromatics and organosulfur contaminants were adsorbed almost completely in 2–5 min at 23°C under the optimized AC load (900 mg l−1). The treatment allowed the elimination of up to 99% of the obnoxious odor, color and turbidity of the condensate. The adsorption equilibrium followed the Langmuir model and the pseudo-second-order kinetics. The new process could be incorporated in the pulp mill with relatively low additional reagent costs.

Keywords: activated carbon; adsorption kinetics; aromatics; black liquor; evaporation condensate; organosulfur compounds

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge Guillaine Jaria, Sandra Magina and Cátia Mendes for their help in the CE and HPLC measurements.

  1. Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

  2. Research funding: This work was developed within the scope of the project N-GENPULP POCI-01-0247-FEDER-011322 (ref. AAC n.º 16/SI/2015) financed by the Incentive System for Research and Technological Development – Compete2020 and co-financed by FEDER under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement. The financial support of CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, through the project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007679 (FCT Ref. UID/CTM/50011/2013), financed by national funds through the FCT/MEC and when appropriate co-financed by FEDER under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement is greatly acknowledged.

  3. Employment or leadership: None declared.

  4. Honorarium: None declared.

References

Al-Ghouti, M.A., Al-Degs, Y.S. (2014) Manganese-loaded activated carbon for the removal of organosulfur compounds from high-sulfur diesel fuels. Energy Technol. 2:802–810.10.1002/ente.201402033Suche in Google Scholar

Babic, B.M., Milonjic, S.K., Polovina, M.J., Kaludierovic, B.V. (1999) Point of zero charge and intrinsic equilibrium constants of activated carbon cloth. Carbon 37:477–481.10.1016/S0008-6223(98)00216-4Suche in Google Scholar

Bashkova, S., Bagreev, A., Bandosz, T.J. (2002) Effect of surface characteristics on adsorption of methyl mercaptan on activated carbons. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 41:4346–4352.10.1021/ie020137tSuche in Google Scholar

Benedetti, V., Patuzzi, F., Baratieri, M. (2017) Gasification char as a potential substitute of activated carbon in adsorption applications. Energy Procedia 105:712–717.10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.380Suche in Google Scholar

Bhatia, S.P., Marentette, L.P., DeSouza, T.L.C., Barclay, H., Wong, A., Prahacs, S. (1975) Remove TRS from stack gases with activated carbon. Pulp and Paper Canada 76 (C):88–93.Suche in Google Scholar

Blackwell, B.R., Mackay, W., Murray, F., Oldham, W. (1979) Review of kraft foul condensates: sources, quantities, chemical composition and environmental effects. Tappi J. 62:33–37.Suche in Google Scholar

Borrás, E., Tortajada-Genaro, L.A., Muñoz, A. (2016) Determination of reduced sulfur compounds in air samples for the monitoring of malodor caused by landfills. Talanta 148:472–477.10.1016/j.talanta.2015.11.021Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Chen, T.-C., Agripa, M.L., Lu, M.-C., Dalida, M.L.P. (2016) Adsorption of sulfur compounds from diesel with ion-impregnated activated carbons. Energy & Fuels 30:3870–3878.10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b00230Suche in Google Scholar

Emilsson, K., Håkansson, M., Danielson, G. (1997) Extended Stripping and Usage of Evaporator Condensates at Värö Mill, Sweden. Proc. Minimum Effluent Mills Symposium, San Francisco, pp. 191–197.Suche in Google Scholar

Hwang, C.-L., Tai, N.-H. (2010) Removal of dimethylsulfide by adsorption on ion exchanged zeolites. Appl. Catal. B 93: 363–367.10.1016/j.apcatb.2009.10.009Suche in Google Scholar

Hynninen, P. (1971) On the reactions of methyl mercaptan and its oxidation products in air- or steam stripping of sulfate mill condensates. Paperi ja Puu 53:159.Suche in Google Scholar

Jaria, G., Calisto, V., Gil, M.V., Otero, M., Esteves, V.I. (2015) Removal of fluoxetine from water by adsorbent materials produced from paper mill sludge. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 448:32–40.10.1016/j.jcis.2015.02.002Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Johnsen, K.L. Method for the purification of condensates from the sulfate process. Patent CA1205930 A, priority 10.05.81, published 10.06.1986.Suche in Google Scholar

Joul, P., Lees, H., Vaher, M., Kobrin, E., Kaljurand, M., Kuhtinskaja, M. (2015) Development of a capillary electrophoresis method with direct UV detection for the analysis of thiodiglycol and its oxidation products. Electrophoresis 36: 1202–1207.10.1002/elps.201500038Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Keshavarzi, N., Rad, F.M., Mace, A., Ansari, F., Akhtar, F., Nilsson, U., Berglund, L., Bergström, L. (2015) Nanocellulose–zeolite composite films for odor elimination. ACS Appl. Mater. Interf. 7:14254–14262.10.1021/acsami.5b02252Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Khan, N.A., Jhung, S.H. (2012) Low-temperature loading of Cu+ species over porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and adsorptive desulfurization with Cu+-loaded MOFs. J. Hazard. Mater. 237–238:180–185.10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.08.025Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Lees, H., Vaher, M., Kaljurand, M. (2017) Development and comparison of HPLC and MEKC methods for the analysis of cyclic sulfur mustard degradation products. Electrophoresis 38:1075–1082.10.1002/elps.201600418Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Ma, X., Yang, H., Yu, L., Chen, Y., Li, Y. (2014) Preparation, surface and pore structure of high surface area activated carbon fibers from bamboo by steam activation. Materials 7:4431–4441.10.3390/ma7064431Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Qu, D., Feng, X., Li, N., Ma, X., Shang, C., Chen, X.D. (2016) Adsorption of heterocyclic sulfur and nitrogen compounds in liquid hydrocarbons on activated carbons modified by oxidation: capacity, selectivity and mechanism. RSC Adv. 6:41982–41990.10.1039/C6RA06108GSuche in Google Scholar

Ras, M.R., Marcé, R.M., Borrull, F. (2008) Solid-phase microextraction – gas chromatography to determine volatile organic sulfur compounds in the air at sewage treatment plants. Talanta 77:774–778.10.1016/j.talanta.2008.07.027Suche in Google Scholar

Rosenfeld, P.E., Feng, L.G.H. (2011) Risks of Hazardous Wastes. 1st Edition, Elsevier Inc., Oxford, pp. 103–114.10.1016/B978-1-4377-7842-7.00009-XSuche in Google Scholar

Sankari, M., Sillanpää, M., Ala-Kaila, K., Dahl, O. (2004) Use of secondary condensates from black liquor evaporation as process water in Do bleaching. Pulp and Paper Canada 105:36–40.Suche in Google Scholar

Satokawa, S., Kobayashi, Y., Fujiki, H. (2005) Adsorptive removal of dimethylsulfide and t-butylmercaptan from pipeline natural gas fuel on Ag zeolites under ambient conditions. Appl. Catal. B 56:51–56.10.1016/j.apcatb.2004.06.022Suche in Google Scholar

Tang, X.-L., Qian, W., Hu, A., Zhao, Y.-M., Fei, N., Shi, L. (2011) Adsorption of Thiophene on Pt/Ag-Supported Activated Carbons Prepared by Ultrasonic-Assisted Impregnation. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 50:9363–9367.10.1021/ie2008778Suche in Google Scholar

Wang, X.-L., Fan, H.-L., Tian, Z., He, E.-Y., Li, Y., Shangguan, J. (2014) Adsorptive removal of sulfur compounds using IRMOF-3 at ambient temperature. Appl. Surf. Sci. 289:107–113.10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.10.115Suche in Google Scholar

Weber, G., Benoit, F., Bellat, J.-P., Paulin, C., Mougin, P., Thomas, M. (2008) Selective adsorption of ethyl mercaptan on NaX zeolite. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 109:184–192.10.1016/j.micromeso.2007.04.044Suche in Google Scholar

Yi, D., Huang, H., Meng, X., Shi, l. (2014) Adsorption–desorption behavior and mechanism of dimethyl disulfide in liquid hydrocarbon streams on modified Y zeolites. Appl. Catal. B 148–149:377–386.10.1016/j.apcatb.2013.11.027Suche in Google Scholar

Supplementary Material

The online version of this article offers supplementary material (https://doi.org/10.1515/hf-2018-0125).

Received: 2018-06-01
Accepted: 2018-12-06
Published Online: 2019-01-17
Published in Print: 2019-06-26

©2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Original Articles
  3. Phylogenetic analysis of Aquilaria Lam. (Thymelaeaceae) based on DNA barcoding
  4. The complete plastome of real yellow wood (Podocarpus latifolius): gene organization and comparison with related species
  5. Calibration of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) data of three Eucalyptus species with extractive contents determined by ASE extraction for rapid identification of species and high extractive contents
  6. Formation of heartwood, chemical composition of extractives and natural durability of plantation-grown teak wood from Mexico
  7. Investigations on densified beech wood for application as a swelling dowel in timber joints
  8. Variation of the contents of biphenyl structures in lignins among wood species
  9. Activation of glucose with Fenton’s reagent: chemical structures of activated products and their reaction efficacy toward cellulosic material
  10. Purification of pulp mill condensates by an adsorptive process on activated carbon
  11. Preparation of mineral bound particleboards with improved fire retardant and smoke suppression properties based on a mix of inorganic adhesive
  12. Influence of silane/MaPE dual coupling agents on the rheological and mechanical properties of sawdust/rubber/HDPE composites
https://doi.org/10.1515/hf-2018-0125
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
activated carbon; adsorption kinetics; aromatics; black liquor; evaporation condensate; organosulfur compounds

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Original Articles
  3. Phylogenetic analysis of Aquilaria Lam. (Thymelaeaceae) based on DNA barcoding
  4. The complete plastome of real yellow wood (Podocarpus latifolius): gene organization and comparison with related species
  5. Calibration of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) data of three Eucalyptus species with extractive contents determined by ASE extraction for rapid identification of species and high extractive contents
  6. Formation of heartwood, chemical composition of extractives and natural durability of plantation-grown teak wood from Mexico
  7. Investigations on densified beech wood for application as a swelling dowel in timber joints
  8. Variation of the contents of biphenyl structures in lignins among wood species
  9. Activation of glucose with Fenton’s reagent: chemical structures of activated products and their reaction efficacy toward cellulosic material
  10. Purification of pulp mill condensates by an adsorptive process on activated carbon
  11. Preparation of mineral bound particleboards with improved fire retardant and smoke suppression properties based on a mix of inorganic adhesive
  12. Influence of silane/MaPE dual coupling agents on the rheological and mechanical properties of sawdust/rubber/HDPE composites
Jetzt anmelden und 20% sparen
Institutioneller Zugang
Wie funktioniert Authentifizierung?
Haben Sie eine Idee, wie wir unsere Website verbessern können?
Bitte schreiben Sie uns.
© 2025 De Gruyter Brill
Heruntergeladen am 16.9.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/hf-2018-0125/html
Button zum nach oben scrollen