Role of lignin and sodium carbonate on the swelling behavior of black liquor droplets during combustion
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Chengcong Chen
,
Hannu Pakkanen
Abstract
A partial removal of lignin from black liquor (BL) by carbonation and lignin precipitation was studied. In lignin-lean BL droplets during combustion in a laboratory furnace at 800°C in stagnant air, the maximum swelling was decreased. This observation was interpreted as showing that the lignin content decrement is due mainly to removal of higher molar mass (HMM) lignin and that the Na2CO3 content of the BL is increased. Stepwise precipitation experiments with industrial softwood and hardwood kraft BLs by carbonation (resulting in pH decrement from 13 to 9) indicated that a fraction of HMM lignin (MM >10 kDa) with a higher amount of carbohydrates precipitated more prominently and earlier than the fraction with lower molar mass (LMM) lignin (MM <10 kDa) containing less amounts of carbohydrates. Separate experiments with a 50/50 (by wt) mixture of different lignin fractions (1–5, 5–10 and >10 kDa) and BL-originated aliphatic carboxylic acids were performed and found that the mixture of medium MM fraction (MM 5–10 kDa) swelled more than the other lignin fractions. The addition of Na2CO3 to BL also reduced the maximum swelling of a BL droplet.
Acknowledgments
Financial support from the Academy of Finland, within the framework of the International Doctoral Programme in Bioproducts Technology (PaPSaT), is gratefully acknowledged. Special thanks are due to Marja Salo for her assistance with the analyses of aliphatic carboxylic acids.
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Research funding: None declared.
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
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©2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Original Articles
- The balance between alkali diffusion and alkali consuming reactions during impregnation of softwood. Impregnation for kraft pulping revisited
- Role of lignin and sodium carbonate on the swelling behavior of black liquor droplets during combustion
- Process optimization of lignin conversion into value added chemicals by thermochemical pretreatment and electrooxidation on a stainless steel anode
- Characterization of high-molar-mass fractions in a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) knotwood ethanol extract
- Discrimination of wood species based on a carbon nanotube/polymer composite chemiresistor array
- Characterization of moisture in acetylated and propionylated radiata pine using low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LFNMR) relaxometry
- Effects of accelerated aging treatment on the microstructure and mechanics of wood-resin interphase
- Improved properties of thermally modified wood (TMW) by combined treatment with disodium octoborate tetrahydrate (DOT) and wax emulsion (WE)
- Liquid sorption, swelling and surface energy properties of unmodified and thermally modified Scots pine heartwood after extraction
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Original Articles
- The balance between alkali diffusion and alkali consuming reactions during impregnation of softwood. Impregnation for kraft pulping revisited
- Role of lignin and sodium carbonate on the swelling behavior of black liquor droplets during combustion
- Process optimization of lignin conversion into value added chemicals by thermochemical pretreatment and electrooxidation on a stainless steel anode
- Characterization of high-molar-mass fractions in a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) knotwood ethanol extract
- Discrimination of wood species based on a carbon nanotube/polymer composite chemiresistor array
- Characterization of moisture in acetylated and propionylated radiata pine using low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LFNMR) relaxometry
- Effects of accelerated aging treatment on the microstructure and mechanics of wood-resin interphase
- Improved properties of thermally modified wood (TMW) by combined treatment with disodium octoborate tetrahydrate (DOT) and wax emulsion (WE)
- Liquid sorption, swelling and surface energy properties of unmodified and thermally modified Scots pine heartwood after extraction
