Home Effect of plasma treatment on cell-wall adhesion of urea-formaldehyde resin revealed by nanoindentation
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Effect of plasma treatment on cell-wall adhesion of urea-formaldehyde resin revealed by nanoindentation

  • Johannes Konnerth EMAIL logo , Martin Weigl , Wolfgang Gindl-Altmutter , Georg Avramidis , Arndt Wolkenhauer , Wolfgang Viöl , Martin Gilge and Michael Obersriebnig
Published/Copyright: January 30, 2014
Become an author with De Gruyter Brill

Abstract

Spruce wood surfaces were treated with plasma with the aim of increacing either hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity. The treatments resulted in significant changes in wettability compared to aged and reference samples. Wettability was found to be a very good indicator of macroscopic bond strength. Nanoindentation adhesion measurements identified significant changes in adhesion at the immediate wood surface as a primary source of changes of bond performance, whereas mechanical performance of bulk wood cells was not affected.


Corresponding author: Johannes Konnerth, Institute of Wood Technology and Renewable Resources, Department of Material Science and Process Engineering, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, A-3430 Tulln, Austria, e-mail:

Acknowledgments

We acknowledge the contribution of our students and technicians Christian Tippelreiter, Clemens Schmidberger and Gerhard Emsenhuber who carried out parts of the laboratory work. This work was co-funded by the Austrian Government within the FFG “Fabrik der Zukunft” program.

References

Acda, M.N., Devera, E.E., Cabangon, R.J., Ramos, H.J. (2012) Effects of plasma modification on adhesion properties of wood. Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. 32:70–75.10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2011.10.003Search in Google Scholar

Avramidis, G., Hauswald, E., Lyapin, A., Militz, H., Viöl, W., Wolkenhauer, A. (2009) Plasma treatment of wood and wood-based materials to generate hydrophilic or hydrophobic surface characteristics. Wood Mat. Sci. Eng. 4:52–60.Search in Google Scholar

Avramidis, G., Scholz, G., Nothnick, E., Militz, H., Viol, W., Wolkenhauer, A. (2011) Improved bondability of wax-treated wood following plasma treatment. Wood Sci. Technol. 45:359–368.Search in Google Scholar

Bente, M., Avramidis, G., Forster, S., Rohwer, E.G., Viol, W. (2004) Wood surface modification in dielectric barrier discharges at atmospheric pressure for creating water repellent characteristics. Holz Roh- Werkst. 62:157–163.10.1007/s00107-004-0475-0Search in Google Scholar

Custodio, J., Broughton, J., Cruz, H., Hutchinson, A. (2008) A review of adhesion promotion techniques for solid timber substrates. J. Adhes. 84:502–529.10.1080/00218460802161558Search in Google Scholar

Custodio, J., Broughton, J., Cruz, H. (2009) A review of factors influencing the durability of structural bonded timber joints. Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. 29:173–185.10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2008.03.002Search in Google Scholar

EN 302-1 (2013) Adhesives for load-bearing timber structures―Test methods Part 1: Determination of longitudinal tensile shear strength.Search in Google Scholar

Gardener, D.J., Gereralla, N.C.ENERALLA, N.C., Gunnells, D.W., Wolcott, M.P. (1991) Dynamic wettability of wood. Langmuir 7:2498–2502.10.1021/la00059a017Search in Google Scholar

Gindl, M., Reiterer, A., Sinn, G., Stanzl-Tschegg, S.E. (2004) Effects of surface ageing on wettability, surface chemistry, and adhesion of wood. Holz Roh-Werkst. 62:273–280.10.1007/s00107-004-0471-4Search in Google Scholar

Herczeg, A. (1965) Wettability of wood. Forest Prod. J. 15:499–505.Search in Google Scholar

Jamali, A., Evans, P.D. (2011) Etching of wood surfaces by glow discharge plasma. Wood Sci. Technol. 45:169–182.Search in Google Scholar

Konnerth, J., Gindl, W., Harm, M., Muller, U. (2006) Comparing dry bond strength of spruce and beech wood glued with different adhesives by means of scarf- and lap joint testing method. Holz Roh-Werkst. 64:269–271.a.10.1007/s00107-006-0104-1Search in Google Scholar

Konnerth, J., Harper, D., Lee, S.H., Rials, T.G., Gindl, W. (2008) Adhesive penetration of wood cell walls investigated by scanning thermal microscopy (SThM). Holzforschung 62:91–98.10.1515/HF.2008.014Search in Google Scholar

Konnerth, J., Gierlinger, N., Keckes, J., Gindl, W. (2009) Actual versus apparent within cell wall variability of nanoindentation results from wood cell walls related to cellulose microfibril angle. J. Mat. Sci. 44:4399–4406.Search in Google Scholar

Mahlberg, R., Niemi, H.E.M., Denes, F., Rowell, R.M. (1998) Effect of oxygen and hexamethyldisiloxane plasma on morphology, wettability and adhesion properties of polypropylene and lignocellulosics. Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. 18:283–297.10.1016/S0143-7496(98)00007-4Search in Google Scholar

Mertens, N., Wolkenhauer, A., Leck, M., Viol, W. (2006) UV laser ablation and plasma treatment of wooden surfaces – a comparing investigation. Laser Phys. Lett. 3:380–384.Search in Google Scholar

Nussbaum, R.M. (1999) Natural surface inactivation of Scots pine and Norway spruce evaluated by contact angle measurements. Holz Roh- Werkst. 57:419–424.10.1007/s001070050067Search in Google Scholar

Obersriebnig, M., Veigel, S., Gindl-Altmutter, W., Konnerth, J. (2012) Determination of adhesive energy at the wood cell-wall/UF interface by nanoindentation (NI). Holzforschung 66:781–787.10.1515/hf-2011-0205Search in Google Scholar

Obersriebnig, M., Konnerth, J., Gindl-Altmutter, W. (2013) Evaluating fundamental position-dependent differences in wood cell wall adhesion using nanoindentation. Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. 40:129–134.10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2012.08.011Search in Google Scholar

Oliver, W.C., Pharr, G.M. (1992) An improved technique for determining hardness and elastic-modulus using load and displacement sensing indentation experiments. J. Mat. Res. 7:1564–1583.Search in Google Scholar

Podgorski, L., Chevet, B., Onic, L., Merlin, A. (2000) Modification of wood wettability by plasma and corona treatments. Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. 20:103–111.10.1016/S0143-7496(99)00043-3Search in Google Scholar

Sakata, I., Morita, M., Tsuruta, N., Morita, K. (1993) Activation of wood surface by corona treatment to improve adhesive bonding. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 49:1251–1258.Search in Google Scholar

Sánchez, J.M., El-Mansy, S., Sun, B., Scherban, Z., Fang, N., Pantuso, D., Ford, W., Elizalde, M.R., Martinéz-Esnaola, J.M., Martinéz -Meizoso, A., Gil-Sevillano, J., Fuentes, M., Maiz, J. (1999) Cross-sectional nanoindentation: a new technique for thin film interfacial adhesion characterization. Acta Mater. 47:440–4413.10.1016/S1359-6454(99)00254-2Search in Google Scholar

Scheikl, M., Dunky, M. (1998) Measurement of dynamic and static contact angles on wood for the determination of its surface tension and the penetration of liquids into the wood surface. Holzforschung 52:89–94.10.1515/hfsg.1998.52.1.89Search in Google Scholar

Setoyama, K. (1996) Surface modification of wood by plasma treatment and plasma modification. J Photopolym. Sci. Tec. 9:243–250.Search in Google Scholar

Tang, L.J., Zhang, R., Zhou, X.Y., Pan, M.Z., Chen, M.Z., Yang, X.H., Zhou, P., Chen, Z. (2012) Dynamic adhesive wettability of poplar veneer with cold oxygen plasma treatment. Bioresources 7:3327–3339.Search in Google Scholar

Wang, X., Deng, Y., Wang. S., Min, C., Meng, Y., Pham, T., Ying, Y. (2014) Evaluation of the effects of compression combined with heat treatment by nanoindentation (NI) of poplar cell walls. Holzforschung 68:167–173.10.1515/hf-2013-0084Search in Google Scholar

Wolkenhauer, A., Meiners, A., Rehn, P., Avramidis, G., Leck, M., Viol, W. (2005) Haftverbesserung von Holzbeschichtungen durch Plasma-Vorbehandlung. Holztechnologie 46:40–47.Search in Google Scholar

Wolkenhauer, A., Avramidis, G., Cai, Y., Militz, H., Viol, W. (2007) Investigation of wood and timber surface modification by dielectric barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure. Plasma Process. Polym. 4:S470–S474.10.1002/ppap.200731209Search in Google Scholar

Wolkenhauer, A., Avramidis, G., Hauswald, E., Militz, H., Viol, W. (2008) Plasma treatment of wood-plastic composites to enhance their adhesion properties. J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. 22:2025–2037.Search in Google Scholar

Wolkenhauer, A., Avramidis, G., Hauswald, E., Loose, S., Viol, W., Militz, H. (2009a) Investigations on the drying behaviour of adhesives on plasma-treated wood materials. Wood Res. 54:59–66.Search in Google Scholar

Wolkenhauer, A., Avramidis, G., Hauswald, E., Militz, H., Viol, W. (2009b) Sanding vs. plasma treatment of aged wood: a comparison with respect to surface energy. Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. 29:18–22.10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2007.11.001Search in Google Scholar

Yu, Y., Tian, G., Wang, H., Fei, B., Wang, G. (2011a) Mechanical characterization of single bamboo fibers with nanoindenation and microtensile technique. Holzforschung 65:113–119.10.1515/hf.2011.009Search in Google Scholar

Yu, Y., Fei, B., Wang, H., Tian, G. (2011b) Longitudinal mechanical properties of cell wall of Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb) as related to moisture content: a nanoindentation study. Holzforschung 65:121–126.10.1515/hf.2011.014Search in Google Scholar

Received: 2013-7-15
Accepted: 2014-1-7
Published Online: 2014-1-30
Published in Print: 2014-8-1

© 2014 by De Gruyter

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Original Articles
  3. Lignin chemistry and topochemistry during kraft delignification of Eucalyptus globulus genotypes with contrasting pulpwood characteristics
  4. Rapid functionalisation of cellulose-based materials using a mixture containing laccase activated lauryl gallate and sulfonated lignin
  5. Aggregation of sodium lignosulfonate above a critical temperature
  6. Impact of iron(II) and oxygen on degradation of oak – modeling of the Vasa wood
  7. Morphological, thermal, and structural aspects of dried and redispersed nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)
  8. Effects of recovered wood on the formaldehyde release of particleboards
  9. Oxalic acid production and metal removal during fungal degradation of CCA-treated wood in nutrient culture
  10. Analysis of cold temperature effect on stress wave velocity in green wood
  11. Finite element modeling and experimental validation of radio frequency heating (RFH) of curved laminated wood-based panels
  12. Anti-termitic potential of heartwood and bark extract and chemical compounds isolated from Madhuca utilis Ridl. H. J. Lam and Neobalanocarpus heimii King P. S. Ashton
  13. Effects of thermal modification on wood ultrastructure analyzed with crystallographic texture
  14. Short Notes
  15. Potential contribution of anion exclusion to hydroxide penetration in green liquor-modified kraft pulping
  16. Improving the weathering on larch wood samples by electron beam irradiation (EBI)
  17. Effect of plasma treatment on cell-wall adhesion of urea-formaldehyde resin revealed by nanoindentation
  18. Imaging hyphal growth of Physisporinus vitreus in Norway spruce wood by means of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM)
  19. Meetings
  20. Meetings
Downloaded on 18.9.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/hf-2013-0130/html?lang=en
Scroll to top button