Analysis of cold temperature effect on stress wave velocity in green wood
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Huadong Xu
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of temperature on stress wave velocity (SWV) in green wood below zero degress centigrade (0°C). Both field and laboratory tests were conducted on standing Korean pine trees and small wood samples to study the effects of low temperature at various moisture content (MC) on SWV. As expected, SWV in wood increased with decreasing temperature. However, near 0°C, the SWV increment was not linear but showed disproportional high increments at MCs above 50%. To explain this phenomenon, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) measurements were performed at various MCs and temperatures, i.e., the interrelation between the state of water aggregation and SWV was analyzed. The explanation of the irregular behavior of SWV as a function of temperature is straightforward: free water and a small portion of bound water in green wood are transformed from water to ice below zero degrees (0°C) centigrade. Thus the disproportional high SWV increment below 0°C reflects the aggregation change of water because the SWV in ice is higher than that in liquid water.
This work was financially supported by “the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (DL12BB18)” and “the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31300474)”. There is no conflict of interest between authors.
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© 2014 by De Gruyter
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Original Articles
- Lignin chemistry and topochemistry during kraft delignification of Eucalyptus globulus genotypes with contrasting pulpwood characteristics
- Rapid functionalisation of cellulose-based materials using a mixture containing laccase activated lauryl gallate and sulfonated lignin
- Aggregation of sodium lignosulfonate above a critical temperature
- Impact of iron(II) and oxygen on degradation of oak – modeling of the Vasa wood
- Morphological, thermal, and structural aspects of dried and redispersed nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)
- Effects of recovered wood on the formaldehyde release of particleboards
- Oxalic acid production and metal removal during fungal degradation of CCA-treated wood in nutrient culture
- Analysis of cold temperature effect on stress wave velocity in green wood
- Finite element modeling and experimental validation of radio frequency heating (RFH) of curved laminated wood-based panels
- Anti-termitic potential of heartwood and bark extract and chemical compounds isolated from Madhuca utilis Ridl. H. J. Lam and Neobalanocarpus heimii King P. S. Ashton
- Effects of thermal modification on wood ultrastructure analyzed with crystallographic texture
- Short Notes
- Potential contribution of anion exclusion to hydroxide penetration in green liquor-modified kraft pulping
- Improving the weathering on larch wood samples by electron beam irradiation (EBI)
- Effect of plasma treatment on cell-wall adhesion of urea-formaldehyde resin revealed by nanoindentation
- Imaging hyphal growth of Physisporinus vitreus in Norway spruce wood by means of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM)
- Meetings
- Meetings
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Original Articles
- Lignin chemistry and topochemistry during kraft delignification of Eucalyptus globulus genotypes with contrasting pulpwood characteristics
- Rapid functionalisation of cellulose-based materials using a mixture containing laccase activated lauryl gallate and sulfonated lignin
- Aggregation of sodium lignosulfonate above a critical temperature
- Impact of iron(II) and oxygen on degradation of oak – modeling of the Vasa wood
- Morphological, thermal, and structural aspects of dried and redispersed nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)
- Effects of recovered wood on the formaldehyde release of particleboards
- Oxalic acid production and metal removal during fungal degradation of CCA-treated wood in nutrient culture
- Analysis of cold temperature effect on stress wave velocity in green wood
- Finite element modeling and experimental validation of radio frequency heating (RFH) of curved laminated wood-based panels
- Anti-termitic potential of heartwood and bark extract and chemical compounds isolated from Madhuca utilis Ridl. H. J. Lam and Neobalanocarpus heimii King P. S. Ashton
- Effects of thermal modification on wood ultrastructure analyzed with crystallographic texture
- Short Notes
- Potential contribution of anion exclusion to hydroxide penetration in green liquor-modified kraft pulping
- Improving the weathering on larch wood samples by electron beam irradiation (EBI)
- Effect of plasma treatment on cell-wall adhesion of urea-formaldehyde resin revealed by nanoindentation
- Imaging hyphal growth of Physisporinus vitreus in Norway spruce wood by means of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM)
- Meetings
- Meetings
