Moisture-dependent orthotropic tension-compression asymmetry of wood

References

American Society for Testing and Materials (2011) ASTM-E8/E8M-11. Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials.Search in Google Scholar

American Society for Testing and Materials (2007) ASTM-D442-92. Standard Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measurements of Wood and Wood-Base Materials.Search in Google Scholar

Barak, M.M., Curreyb, J.D., Weinera, S., Shahar, R. (2009) Are tensile and compressive Young’s moduli of compact bone different? J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. 2:51–60.Search in Google Scholar

Benveniste, Y. (1985) The effective mechanical behaviour of composite materials with imperfect contact between the constituents. Mech. Mater. 4:197–208.Search in Google Scholar

Bertoldi, K., Bigoni, D., Drugan, W.J. (2008) Nacre: an orthotropic and bimodular elastic material. Compos. Sci. Technol. 68:1363–1375.Search in Google Scholar

Bodig, J., Jayne, B.A. Mechanics of Wood and Wood Composites. Krieger Publishing Co., Malabar, 1993.Search in Google Scholar

Chahine, N.O., Wang, C.C., Hung, C.T., Ateshian, G.A. (2004) Anisotropic strain-dependent material properties of bovine articular cartilage in the transitional range from tension to compression. J. Biomech. 37:1251–1261.10.1016/j.jbiomech.2003.12.008Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Conners, T.E., Medvecz, C.J. (1992) Wood as a bimodular material. Wood Fiber Sci. 24:413–423.Search in Google Scholar

Curnier, A., He, Q., Zysset, P. (1995) Conewise linear elastic materials. J. Elast. 37:1–38.10.1007/BF00043417Search in Google Scholar

Destrade, M., Gilchrist, M.D., Motherway, J.A., Murphy, J.G. (2010) Bimodular rubber buckles early in bending. Mech. Mater. 42:469–476.Search in Google Scholar

Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V. (1976) 52 185 DIN 1976-09. Prüfung von Holz; Bestimmung der Druckfestigkeit parallel zur Faser.Search in Google Scholar

Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V. (1979) 52 188 DIN 1979-05. Prüfung von Holz; Bestimmung der Zugfestigkeit parallel zur Faser.Search in Google Scholar

Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V. (1979) 52 192 DIN 1979-05. Prüfung von Holz; Druckversuch quer zur Faser.Search in Google Scholar

Feldman, L.A. (1987) Bimodular behaviour and crack closure in compression in a brittle material. J. Mater. Sci. 22:2789–2792.Search in Google Scholar

Gerhards, C.C. (1982) Effect of moisture content and temperature on the mechanical properties of wood: an analysis of immediate effects. Wood Fiber Sci. 14:4–36.Search in Google Scholar

Gibson, L.J., Ashby, M.F. Cellular Solids. Structure and Properties. Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1988.Search in Google Scholar

Goulet, M. (1960) Die Abhängigkeit der Querzugfestigkeit von Eichen, Buchen und Fichtenholz von Feuchtigkeit und Temperatur im Bereich von 0° bis 100°C. Holz Roh. Werkst. 18:325–331.10.1007/BF02627591Search in Google Scholar

Greenspan, L. (1977) Humidity fixed points of binary saturated aqueous solutions. J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand-A Phys. Chem. 81A:89–96.10.6028/jres.081A.011Search in Google Scholar

Guo, Z., Zhang, X. (1987) Investigation of complete stress-deformation curves for concrete in tension. ACI Mater. J. 84:278–285.Search in Google Scholar

Hering, S., Keunecke, D., Niemz, P. (2012a) Moisture-dependent orthotropic elasticity of beech wood. Wood Sci. Technol. 45:927–938.10.1007/s00226-011-0449-4Search in Google Scholar

Hering, S., Saft, S., Resch, E., Niemz, P., Kaliske, M. (2012b) Characterisation of moisture-dependent plasticity of beech wood and its application to a multi-surface plasticity model. Holzforschung 66:373–380.10.1515/hf.2011.162Search in Google Scholar

Hill, C.A.S., Norton, A.J., Newman, G. (2010) The water vapour sorption properties of Sitka spruce determined using a dynamic vapour sorption apparatus. Wood Sci. Technol. 44:497–514.Search in Google Scholar

Jones, R.M. Deformation theory of plasticity. Bull Ridge Publishing, Blacksburg, VA, 2009.Search in Google Scholar

Katicha, S.W., Flintsch, G., Loulizi, A. (2011) Bimodular analysis of hot-mix asphalt. Int. J. Road Mater. Pavement Design 11:917–946.Search in Google Scholar

Kersavage, P.C. (1973) Moisture content effect on tensile properties of individual Douglas-fir latewood tracheids. Wood Fiber Sci. 5:105–117.Search in Google Scholar

Keunecke, D., Hering, S., Niemz, P. (2008) Three-dimensional elastic behaviour of common yew and Norway spruce. Wood Sci. Technol. 42:633–647.Search in Google Scholar

Kollmann, F. (1956) Untersuchungen über die Querzugfestigkeit der Hölzer. Forstwiss. Centralbl. 75:304–318.10.1007/BF01787736Search in Google Scholar

Kollmann, F.F.P., Cote, W.A. Principles of Wood Science and Technology. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1984.Search in Google Scholar

Kretschmann, D.E., Green, D.W. (1996) Modelling moisture content-mechanical property relationships for clear southern pine. Wood Fiber Sci. 28:320–337.Search in Google Scholar

Kufner, M. (1978) Elastizitätsmodul und Zugfestigkeit von Holz verschiedener Rohdichte in Abhängigkeit vom Feuchtigkeitsgehalt. Holz Roh. Werkst. 36:435–439.10.1007/BF02607685Search in Google Scholar

McBurney, R.S., Drow, J.T. (1962) The Elastic Properties of Wood: Young’s Moduli and Poisson’s Ratios of Douglas-Fir and Their Relations to Moisture Content. Forest Product Laboratory Report No. 1528-D, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI.Search in Google Scholar

Neuhaus, F.H. (1983) Über das elastische Verhalten von Fichtenholz in Abhängigkeit von der Holzfeuchtigkeit. Holz Roh. Werkst. 41:21–25.10.1007/BF02608449Search in Google Scholar

Niemz, P. Physik des Holzes und der Holzwerkstoffe. DRW-Verlag Weinbrenner GmbH & Co., Leinfelden-Echterdingen, 1993.Search in Google Scholar

Östman, B.A.L. (1985) Wood tensile strength at temperatures and moisture contents simulating fire conditions. Wood Sci. Technol. 19:103–116.Search in Google Scholar

Ozyhar, T., Hering, S., Sanabria, S.J., Niemz, P. (2012a) Determining moisture-dependent elastic characteristics of beech wood by means of ultrasonic waves. Wood Sci. Technol. Online First, Doi: 10.1007/s00226-012-0499-2.10.1007/s00226-012-0499-2Search in Google Scholar

Ozyhar, T., Hering, S., Niemz, P. (2012b) Moisture-dependent elastic and strength anisotropy of European beech wood in tension. J. Mater. Sci. 47:6141–6150.10.1007/s10853-012-6534-8Search in Google Scholar

Raczkowski, J., Jakubów, S., Majchrzak, A. (1995) Zależność między wytrzymałością drewna na rozciąganie i ściskanie wzdłuż włókien. Wpływ wilgotności. Folia Forestalia Polonica B 26:151–159.Search in Google Scholar

Resch, E., Kaliske, M. (2010) Three-dimensional numerical analyses of load-bearing behavior and failure of multiple double-shear dowel-type connections in timber engineering. Comput. Struct. 88:165–177.10.1016/j.compstruc.2009.09.002Search in Google Scholar

Ross, R.J. (Ed.) (2010) Wood Handbook: Wood as an Engineering Material. General Technical Report FPL-GTR 190, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI.Search in Google Scholar

Saft, S., Kaliske, M. (2011) Numerical simulation of the ductile failure of mechanically and moisture loaded wooden structures. Comput. Struct. 89:2460–2470.10.1016/j.compstruc.2011.06.004Search in Google Scholar

Salmén, L., Burgert, I. (2009) Cell wall features with regard to mechanical performance. A review. COST Action E35 2004–2008: Wood machining – micromechanics and fracture. Holzforschung 63:121–129.10.1515/HF.2009.011Search in Google Scholar

Sakagami, H., Matsumura, J., Oda, K. (2009) In situ visualization of hardwood microcracks occurring during drying. J. Wood Sci. 55:323–328.10.1007/s10086-009-1041-5Search in Google Scholar

Schniewind, A.P., Barrett, J.D. (1972) Wood as a linear orthotropic viscoelastic material. Wood Sci. Technol. 6:43–57.Search in Google Scholar

Stamm, A.J. Wood and Cellulose Science. Ronald Press Co., New York, 1964.Search in Google Scholar

Stevanic, J.S., Salmén, L. (2009) Orientation of the wood polymers in the cell wall of spruce wood fibres. Holzforschung 63: 497–503.10.1515/HF.2009.094Search in Google Scholar

Stimpson, B., Chen, R. (1993) Measurement of rock elastic moduli in tension and in compression and its practical significance. Can. Geotech. J. 30:338–347.Search in Google Scholar

Takhashi, K., Chou, T.W. (1988) Transverse elastic moduli of undirectional fiber composites with interfacial debonding. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 19:129–135.Search in Google Scholar

Tiemann, H.D. (1906) Effect of moisture upon the strength and stiffness of wood. Forest Service Bulletin 70, U.S. Department of Agriculture.Search in Google Scholar

Turovtsev, G.V., Toropov, V.V. (2005) Identification of Fiber Composite Interface Properties using Changes in Natural Frequencies, 6th World Congresses of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimatization, Rio de Janeiro.Search in Google Scholar

Winandy, J.E., Rowell, R.M. (2005) Chemistry of Wood Strength. In: Handbook of Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites. (Ed.) Rowell, R.M. CRC Press, Madison, WI. pp. 303–347.Search in Google Scholar

Wommelsdorf, O. (1966) Dehnungs- und Querdehnungszahlen von Hölzern. Dissertation, Technische Hochschule Hannover.Search in Google Scholar

Zemlyakov, I.P. (1965) On the difference in the moduli of elasticity of polyamides subjected to different kinds of deformation. Mech. Compos. Mater. 1:25–27.Search in Google Scholar