Experiments on Tree Reflectivity at C, X, K and Ka-bands
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Pekka Eskelinen
und
Juhana Ylinen
Abstract
Dedicated field portable radars have been used to measure the reflectivity of identified deciduous and coniferous trees at C to Ka frequency bands with perpendicular illumination. Actual test radars, their electrical parameters including antennas and calibration devices are described. First results show summer time reflectivities from −30 to −10 dB (m2/m2) for deciduous trees and from −30 to 0 dB (2/m2) for coniferous samples, depending on frequency band. Late autumn and spring measurements show particularly well in Ka-band the absence of leaves. Variations in histogram detail, from one frequency to another, exceed 10 dB despite the cumulative probabilities for all bands are quite similar. The measured power spectral density of deciduous trees in the spring was typically 20 dB/Hz at X-band and 30 dB/Hz in Ka-band. Midsummer tests gave values close to 15 and 25 dB/Hz.
©2014 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Circularly Polarized Double Layered Printed Hemispherical Helical Antenna with a Parasitic Wire for Bandwidth Enhancement
- Broadband CPW-fed Circularly Polarized Falcate-shaped Monopole Antenna for UWB Applications
- Design of Microstrip LPF with Sharp Cut-off Frequency and Wide Stopband
- A Miniaturized Branch Line Coupler with Harmonic Suppression
- Thermal and Structural Analysis of Co-axial Coupler used in High Power Helix Traveling-Wave Tube
- Mie Series for Electromagnetic Scattering of a Conducting Sphere Coated with Chiral Metamaterials
- Experiments on Tree Reflectivity at C, X, K and Ka-bands
- Performance Analysis of Beamforming in Fixed-gain AF Relay Networks with Asymmetric Correlated Fading Channels
- Efficient Service Delivery for High-speed Railway Communications Using MIMO and Access Control Technique
- Relay Selection Based Double-Differential Transmission for Cooperative Networks with Multiple Carrier Frequency Offsets: Model, Analysis, and Optimization
- Collaborative Wideband Compressed Signal Detection in Interplanetary Internet
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Circularly Polarized Double Layered Printed Hemispherical Helical Antenna with a Parasitic Wire for Bandwidth Enhancement
- Broadband CPW-fed Circularly Polarized Falcate-shaped Monopole Antenna for UWB Applications
- Design of Microstrip LPF with Sharp Cut-off Frequency and Wide Stopband
- A Miniaturized Branch Line Coupler with Harmonic Suppression
- Thermal and Structural Analysis of Co-axial Coupler used in High Power Helix Traveling-Wave Tube
- Mie Series for Electromagnetic Scattering of a Conducting Sphere Coated with Chiral Metamaterials
- Experiments on Tree Reflectivity at C, X, K and Ka-bands
- Performance Analysis of Beamforming in Fixed-gain AF Relay Networks with Asymmetric Correlated Fading Channels
- Efficient Service Delivery for High-speed Railway Communications Using MIMO and Access Control Technique
- Relay Selection Based Double-Differential Transmission for Cooperative Networks with Multiple Carrier Frequency Offsets: Model, Analysis, and Optimization
- Collaborative Wideband Compressed Signal Detection in Interplanetary Internet
