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The Indo-Iranian background of the Ossetic future

  • Ronald I. Kim EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: April 12, 2024

Abstract

The Ossetic future is generally believed to originate in compounds with Proto-Iranian *čana(h)- ‘desiring’, but the morphological and phonological details have never been explored. Examination of the Indo-Iranian evidence confirms that since the root *kanH- ‘take pleasure in’ occurs almost exclusively as a stative perfect, the only plausible source is possessive (bahuvrīhi) compounds with the derived noun *čanah- ‘desire’, which were restricted to this usage already in Old Iranian (cf. Avestan šaētō.cinah- ‘whose desire is possessions’). From denominative bases and thematic verbal nouns, *X-čanāh ‘whose desire is XN, desiring XN’ was reinterpreted as deverbal ‘(be) wanting to XV’ > ‘XV-fut’ and generalized to all verbal stems. The phonological evolution to Ossetic -ʒæn- is regular; the distribution of the allomorphs -ʒæn- and -ʒin- in the Digor dialect provides indirect evidence for the placement of stress in Proto-Ossetic, which in turn permits the resolution of an old problem, the double reflex of Proto-Iranian *pati- in compounds.


Corresponding author: Ronald I. Kim, Department of Older Germanic Languages, Faculty of English, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, ul Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland, E-mail:

Acknowledgments

An early version of this paper was presented at the 41st East Coast Indo-European Conference (ECIEC) at Harvard University, 23–26 June 2022. I thank the organizers for making possible this first in-person meeting of ECIEC in three years and the participants for their many helpful comments, in particular Timothy Barnes, Laura Grestenberger, Dieter Gunkel, Stephanie Jamison, Brian Joseph, Martin Kümmel, Craig Melchert, Sasha Nikolaev, Dariusz Piwowarczyk, Oktor Skjærvø, and Michael Weiss, as well as Agnes Korn, Nicholas Sims-Williams, and two anonymous reviewers for their many helpful criticisms. The research for this paper and participation in ECIEC 41 were supported by grant no. 2019/35/B/HS2/01273 Ossetic historical grammar and the dialectology of early Iranian from the Polish National Science Centre (NCN).

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Received: 2023-01-10
Accepted: 2023-10-02
Published Online: 2024-04-12
Published in Print: 2024-11-26

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