How Bonding and Bridging Ties Shape Green Innovation: Evidence from Director Networks in China
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Lin Chen
,
Longfeng Zhao
Abstract
Since firms struggle to achieve green innovation by merely relying on internal resources, the director network has emerged as a critical channel through which to address this challenge. We explore how network features, specifically bonding and bridging ties, affect green innovation from a meso-level network community perspective. For Chinese Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed firms, we discover that bridging ties have a more positive effect on green innovation than do bonding ties. Mechanism tests show that this phenomenon is related to heterogeneous knowledge. Further analysis shows that firms with greater dynamic capability and a strong guanxi culture can better leverage bridging ties rather than bonding ties to enhance green innovation. We provide further empirical evidence on driving green innovation by clarifying the significantly different roles of bonding and bridging ties.
Funding source: Shaanxi Provincial Social Science Foundation
Award Identifier / Grant number: 2022R024
Funding source: Innovation Foundation for Doctor Dissertation of Northwestern Polytechnical University
Award Identifier / Grant number: SOMBC202508
Funding source: Shaanxi Provincial Soft Science Project
Award Identifier / Grant number: 2025KG-YBXM-003
Funding source: National Natural Science Foundation of China
Award Identifier / Grant number: 72471195
Appendix Ⅰ The Industry Distribution of the Sample Firms
| Industry | Code | N | Percent | Industry | Code | N | Percent |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Computers, communications and other electronic equipment | C39 | 318 | 10.6 | Agricultural and sideline food processing industry | C13 | 39 | 1.3 |
| Accommodation and food | I | 244 | 8.133 | Wine, beverage and refined tea | C15 | 38 | 1.267 |
| Chemical material and products | C26 | 226 | 7.533 | Cultural, physical and entertainment | R | 38 | 1.267 |
| Electrical machinery and equipment | C38 | 215 | 7.167 | Leasehold and business service | L | 36 | 1.2 |
| Special equiment manufacturing | C35 | 205 | 6.833 | Textile | C17 | 33 | 1.1 |
| Medicine | C27 | 196 | 6.533 | Apparel | C18 | 31 | 1.033 |
| General equipment | C34 | 124 | 4.133 | Farming, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery | A | 29 | 0.967 |
| Automobile | C36 | 120 | 4 | Paper making and paper products | C22 | 27 | 0.9 |
| Construction | E | 89 | 2.967 | Ferrous metal foundries and presses | C31 | 27 | 0.9 |
| Traffic, storage and mail business | F | 81 | 2.7 | Other manufacturing | C41 | 25 | 0.833 |
| Non-metal mineral products | C30 | 76 | 2.533 | Furniture manufacturing | C21 | 23 | 0.767 |
| Mining | B | 73 | 2.433 | Chemical fibers | C28 | 21 | 0.7 |
| Production and Supply of Electric Power, Heat Power, Gas and Water | D | 72 | 2.4 | Petroleum processing, coking and nuclear fuel processing | C25 | 16 | 0.533 |
| Rubber and plastic products | C29 | 66 | 2.2 | Cultural, educational, arts, sports and entertainment products | C24 | 15 | 0.5 |
| Non-ferrous metal foundries and presses | C32 | 63 | 2.1 | Public administration and social organization | S | 11 | 0.367 |
| Metal products | C33 | 61 | 2.033 | Timber processing and bamboo, cane, palm, straw products | C20 | 9 | 0.3 |
| Transport, Storage and Post | G | 59 | 1.967 | Printing and recording media reproduction | C23 | 9 | 0.3 |
| Scientific Research and Technical Services | M | 45 | 1.5 | Leather, fur, feather and their products and footwear | C19 | 7 | 0.233 |
| Instrument industry | C40 | 45 | 1.5 | Education | P | 6 | 0.2 |
| Railway, ship, aerospace and other transportation equipment | C37 | 44 | 1.467 | Sanitation, social security and social welfare | Q | 6 | 0.2 |
| Foodstuff manufacturing | C14 | 43 | 1.433 | Information transfer, computer service and software | H | 4 | 0.133 |
| Scientific research, technical service and geologic examination | N | 41 | 1.367 | Comprehensive utilization of waste resources | C42 | 3 | 0.1 |
| Realty business | K | 41 | 1.367 |
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Firms are classified according to the industry classification criteria of the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC). Manufacturing industry is assigned two-digit codes, while other industries are categorized using broad industry classifications.
Appendix Ⅱ The Provincial Distribution of the Sample Firms
| Province | N | Percent | Province | N | Percent |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Guangdong | 512 | 17.067 | Chongqing | 39 | 1.3 |
| Zhejiang | 396 | 13.2 | Jiangxi | 36 | 1.2 |
| Jiangsu | 348 | 11.6 | Xinjiang | 34 | 1.133 |
| Beijing | 261 | 8.7 | Jilin | 31 | 1.033 |
| Shanghai | 205 | 6.833 | Shanxi | 31 | 1.033 |
| Shandong | 174 | 5.8 | Guangxi | 29 | 0.967 |
| Fujian | 114 | 3.8 | Yunnan | 28 | 0.933 |
| Hunan | 95 | 3.167 | Gansu | 25 | 0.833 |
| Anhui | 91 | 3.033 | Heilongjiang | 25 | 0.833 |
| Sichuan | 91 | 3.033 | Guizhou | 23 | 0.767 |
| Hubei | 77 | 2.567 | Hainan | 21 | 0.7 |
| Henan | 66 | 2.2 | Inner Mongolia | 20 | 0.667 |
| Liaoning | 59 | 1.967 | Tibet | 13 | 0.433 |
| Hebei | 53 | 1.767 | Ningxia | 9 | 0.3 |
| Tianjin | 46 | 1.533 | Qinghai | 8 | 0.267 |
| Shaanxi | 40 | 1.333 |
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