Influence of Business Incubators Performance on Entrepreneurial Intentions and Its Antecedents during the Pre-incubation Stage
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Karla Roxana Giordano Martínez
und
Ángel Herrero Crespo
Abstract
The pre-incubation phase is critical in the forming of entrepreneur’s intention and however it is almost missing in literature. Using the entrepreneurship models based on the beliefs–attitude–intention relationship, a sample of 167 pre-incubated entrepreneurs within the well-known System of Business Incubators of the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education was surveyed and its statistical analysis developed with Structural Equation Modelling methodology. Our findings confirm that (1) entrepreneur’s perception concerning the incubator’s performance directly and positively affects the desirability, self-efficacy and the facilitating conditions, (2) the perceived desirability and feasibility in entrepreneurship, as well as the first ones, self-efficacy and facilitating conditions, positively influence the entrepreneurial intentions. Furthermore, contrary to the traditional mind-set that supports risk is a barrier, results suggest that (3) the risk perceived by pre-incubated entrepreneurs positively influences entrepreneurial intentions and the desirability that is attributed to that behaviour. Finally, these results also provide insights for organizational leaders and policymakers into managing business incubators and organising their formative programs. The effectiveness of incubators is clear but it is also important to communicate it properly so that incubated individuals can perceive it.
Appendix A
| Entrepreneurial Intention |
| INT1. I have the clear intention to create my own business in less than one year. INT2. My professional objective is to create my own business in less than one year. INT3. I am determined to create my own business in less than one year. INT4. I will do anything possible to create my own business in less than one year. |
| Desirability |
| DES1. The idea of creating my own business seems attractive to me. DES2. The idea of creating my own business really appeals to me. DES3. Creating my own business would be a huge satisfaction for me. DES4. My calling is to create my own business. |
| Feasibility |
| FEA1. Creating a business in less than one year would be easy for me. FEA2. It’s very feasible to create my own business in less than one year. FEA3. For me it will be simple to create my own business in less than one year. FEA4. I’m in a good position to create my own business in less than one year. |
| Perceived Risk |
| RSK1. Creating a business is very risky. RSK2. The probability that the new business fails is very high. RSK3. There is a lot of uncertainty around the success of a newly created business. RSK4. A lot of risks exist that are associated with the creation of a new business. |
| Self-efficacy |
| SEF1. I believe I am capable of developing innovative ideas and products. SEF2. I can identify new market opportunities for innovative products and services. SEF3. I am able to discover new forms of existing products. SEF4. I am capable of identifying business opportunities with growth potential. SEF5. I am able to react rapidly to take advantage of business opportunities. SEF6. I believe I am capable of creating new products that satisfy customers’ unsatisfied needs. SEF7. I can design a plan of action to take advantage of business opportunities. |
| Facilitating conditions |
| FCO1. The minimum capital necessary to create a business can be accessed easily. FCO2. It’s easy to find the necessary contacts to be able to take a business forward. FCO3. It’s easy to gain access to experts to develop a new business. FCO4. I could easily get access to specialised counselling in a sector of specific activity. FCO5. It’s easy to share experiences with successful entrepreneurs in order to develop a business. FCO6. It’s easy to access physical spaces (offices, meeting rooms, laboratories, etc. …) during the business creation stage. |
| Evaluation of business incubator |
| BIP1. The installations and infrastructures the incubator offers favour the creation of your own business. BIP2. The incubator allows for access to high-level tutors and counsellors, which favours the creation of your own business. BIP3. The incubator allows you to access the experience of successful entrepreneurs and business people, which favours the creation of your own business. BIP4. The incubator facilitates the access to contact networks that favour the creation of your own business. BIP5. The incubators facilitates the access to funding sources to create your own business. |
Appendix B
| Variable | Mean | Standard Dev. | Skewness | Kurtosis |
| INT1 | 4.63 | 0.72 | −2.03 | 3.46 |
| INT2 | 4.36 | 0.96 | −1.57 | 1.79 |
| INT3 | 4.53 | 0.97 | −2.25 | 4.43 |
| INT4 | 4.48 | 0.96 | −1.91 | 2.91 |
| DES1 | 4.74 | 0.73 | −3.78 | 15.71 |
| DES2 | 4.75 | 0.77 | −3.96 | 16.19 |
| DES3 | 4.71 | 0.85 | −3.46 | 11.83 |
| DES4 | 4.49 | 0.86 | −2.05 | 4.54 |
| FEA1 | 3.38 | 1.12 | −0.25 | −0.65 |
| FEA2 | 3.83 | 1.08 | −0.73 | −0.08 |
| FEA3 | 3.52 | 1.07 | −0.31 | −0.42 |
| FEA4 | 4.39 | 0.83 | −10.29 | 0.97 |
| RSK1 | 3.33 | 1.11 | −0.23 | −0.40 |
| RSK2 | 3.33 | 1.17 | −0.10 | −0.82 |
| RSK3 | 3.51 | 1.09 | −0.35 | −0.45 |
| RSK4 | 3.58 | 1.08 | −0.37 | −0.53 |
| SEF1 | 4.59 | 0.69 | −2.06 | 5.55 |
| SEF2 | 4.45 | 0.75 | −1.73 | 4.43 |
| SEF3 | 4.38 | 0.77 | −1.33 | 2.23 |
| SEF4 | 4.19 | 0.85 | −0.91 | 0.57 |
| SEF5 | 4.11 | 0.86 | −0.91 | 0.65 |
| SEF6 | 4.37 | 0.82 | −1.50 | 2.67 |
| SEF7 | 4.31 | 0.85 | −1.31 | 1.83 |
| FCO1 | 3.08 | 1.19 | 0.05 | −0.79 |
| FCO2 | 3.25 | 1.11 | −0.08 | −0.62 |
| FCO3 | 3.54 | 1.04 | −0.25 | −0.61 |
| FCO4 | 3.61 | 0.99 | −0.14 | −0.83 |
| FCO5 | 3.73 | 1.04 | −0.70 | 0.09 |
| FCO6 | 3.51 | 1.15 | −0.27 | −0.81 |
| BIP1 | 4.27 | 0.97 | −1.34 | 1.32 |
| BIP2 | 4.36 | 0.96 | −1.61 | 2.29 |
| BIP3 | 4.21 | 1.05 | −1.31 | 0.93 |
| BIP4 | 4.06 | 1.12 | −0.98 | 0.01 |
| BIP5 | 3.79 | 1.27 | −0.82 | −0.41 |
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Artikel in diesem Heft
- Experiential or Self-Regulated Learning: A Critical Reflection of Entrepreneurial Learning Processes
- How do Firms with Management Ability Promote Competitive Advantages? An Integrated Model from Entrepreneurial Strategy Making and Internal Resources
- Ignition of New Product Diffusion in Entrepreneurship: An Agent-Based Approach
- Influence of Business Incubators Performance on Entrepreneurial Intentions and Its Antecedents during the Pre-incubation Stage
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Experiential or Self-Regulated Learning: A Critical Reflection of Entrepreneurial Learning Processes
- How do Firms with Management Ability Promote Competitive Advantages? An Integrated Model from Entrepreneurial Strategy Making and Internal Resources
- Ignition of New Product Diffusion in Entrepreneurship: An Agent-Based Approach
- Influence of Business Incubators Performance on Entrepreneurial Intentions and Its Antecedents during the Pre-incubation Stage
