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Impact of environmental toxicants exposure on gut-brain axis in Parkinson disease

  • Taiwo G. Olubodun-Obadun , Ismail O. Ishola and Olufunmilayo O. Adeyemi EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: April 4, 2022
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Drug Metabolism and Personalized Therapy
From the journal Drug Metabolism and Personalized Therapy Volume 37 Issue 4

Abstract

Parkinson disease (PD) is a major public health challenge as many of the current drugs used in its management provide symptomatic relieve without preventing the underlying cause of the neurodegeneration. Similarly, the non-motor complications of PD, especially the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) disturbance increases the disease burden on both the PD patient and caregivers. Different theories have been postulated regarding the mechanisms or pathways involved in PD pathology but gut-brain axis involvement has gained much more momentum. This pathway was first suggested by Braak and colleagues in 2003, where they suggested that PD starts from the GIT before spreading to the brain. However, human exposure to environmental toxicants known to inhibit mitochondrial complex I activity such as rotenone, paraquat and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) are well associated with PD. Several reports have shown that oral exposure of laboratory animals to rotenone causes mitochondria dysfunction, GIT disturbance, overexpression of alpha synuclein and microbiota imbalance. This review focuses on the mechanism(s) through which rotenone induces PD pathogenesis and potential for therapeutic small molecules targeting these processes at the earliest stages of the disease. We also focused on the interaction between the GI microbiota and PD pathology.

Keywords: gastrointestinal disturbance; gut-brain axis; microbiota; mitochondrial dysfunction; Parkinson disease; rotenone
Corresponding author: Prof. Olufunmilayo O. Adeyemi, PhD, Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria, E-mail:

  1. Research funding: None declared.

  2. Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

  3. Competing interests: Authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Informed consent: Not applicable.

  5. Ethical approval: Not applicable.

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Received: 2021-05-17
Accepted: 2022-01-25
Published Online: 2022-04-04

© 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Review
  3. Impact of environmental toxicants exposure on gut-brain axis in Parkinson disease
  4. Original Articles
  5. The effect of nonadherence on phenobarbital concentrations and recommendations on the replacement dose using Monte Carlo simulation
  6. SLCO1B1 c.521T>C gene polymorphism decreases hypoglycemia risk in sulfonylurea-treated type 2 diabetic patients
  7. Association of VKORC1 and CYP2C9 single-nucleotide polymorphisms with warfarin dose adjustment in Saudi patients
  8. Effect of CYP2C9, PTGS-1 and PTGS-2 gene polymorphisms on the efficiency and safety of postoperative analgesia with ketoprofen
  9. No association between LDL receptor and CETP genetic variants and atorvastatin response in Jordanian hyperlipidemic patients
  10. Type 2 diabetes: an exploratory genetic association analysis of selected metabolizing enzymes and transporters and effects on cardiovascular and renal biomarkers
  11. Potential factors of Helicobacter pylori resistance to clarithromycin
  12. Letter to the Editor
  13. Phenylalanine monooxygenase and the ‘sulfoxidation polymorphism’; the salient points
https://doi.org/10.1515/dmpt-2021-0144
Keywords for this article
gastrointestinal disturbance; gut-brain axis; microbiota; mitochondrial dysfunction; Parkinson disease; rotenone

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Review
  3. Impact of environmental toxicants exposure on gut-brain axis in Parkinson disease
  4. Original Articles
  5. The effect of nonadherence on phenobarbital concentrations and recommendations on the replacement dose using Monte Carlo simulation
  6. SLCO1B1 c.521T>C gene polymorphism decreases hypoglycemia risk in sulfonylurea-treated type 2 diabetic patients
  7. Association of VKORC1 and CYP2C9 single-nucleotide polymorphisms with warfarin dose adjustment in Saudi patients
  8. Effect of CYP2C9, PTGS-1 and PTGS-2 gene polymorphisms on the efficiency and safety of postoperative analgesia with ketoprofen
  9. No association between LDL receptor and CETP genetic variants and atorvastatin response in Jordanian hyperlipidemic patients
  10. Type 2 diabetes: an exploratory genetic association analysis of selected metabolizing enzymes and transporters and effects on cardiovascular and renal biomarkers
  11. Potential factors of Helicobacter pylori resistance to clarithromycin
  12. Letter to the Editor
  13. Phenylalanine monooxygenase and the ‘sulfoxidation polymorphism’; the salient points
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