Dynamic modeling of fouling over multiple biofuel production cycles in a membrane reactor
-
Thien An Huynh
and
Edwin Zondervan
Abstract
In this paper, a novel mathematical model that combines a membrane filtration model, component balances and reaction kinetics models for an intensified separation-reaction process in membrane reactor producing biofuels was developed. A unique feature is that the proposed model can capture the dynamics of membrane fouling as function of both reversible and irreversible fouling; which leads to cyclic behavior. Fouling leads to the decline of the reactor productivity. With an appropriate fouling-model, the operational strategy can be optimized. In the case study of biodiesel production, the developed model was validated with experimental data. The model was in good agreement with the data, where R-squared are 0.96 for the permeate flux and 0.95 for the biodiesel yield. From a further analysis, the efficiency of membrane reaction system in term of productivity can be significantly improved by changing the backwashing frequency under specific operating conditions. As the backwashing frequency increased eight times, the biodiesel yield increased to more than two to three times before the permeate flux dropped under a predetermined limit due to the increase of irreversible membrane fouling.
-
Author contribution: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
-
Research funding: None declared.
-
Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
References
1. Knothe, G, Krahl, J, Gerpen, J. The biodiesel handbook, 2nd ed. Urbana: Academic Press and AOCS Press; 2010.10.1201/9781003040262Search in Google Scholar
2. Biodiesel 2018/2019 report on progress and future prospects – Excerpt from the UFOP annual report. Berlin: UNION ZUR FÖRDERUNG VON OEL- UND PROTEINPFLANZEN E. V. (UFOP); 2019.Search in Google Scholar
3. Adeniyi, AG, Ighalo, JO, Eletta, OAA. Process integration and feedstock optimisation of a two-step biodiesel production process from Jatropha curcas using aspen plus. Chem Prod Process Model 2018;14(20180055). https://doi.org/10.1515/cppm-2018-0055.Search in Google Scholar
4. Dubé, M, Tremblay, A, Liu, J. Biodiesel production using a membrane reactor. Bioresour Technol 2007;98:639–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2006.02.019.Search in Google Scholar
5. Cao, P, Tremblay, AY, Dube, MA. Kinetics of canola oil transesterification in a membrane reactor. Ind Eng Chem Res 2009;48:2533–41. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie8009796.Search in Google Scholar
6. Cheng, L-H, Yen, S-Y, Su, L-S, Chen, J. Study on membrane reactors for biodiesel production by phase behaviors of canola oil methanolysis in batch reactors. Bioresour Technol 2010;101:6663–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.03.095.Search in Google Scholar
7. Chong, MF, Chen, J, Oh, PP, Chen, Z-S. Modeling analysis of membrane reactor for biodiesel production. AIChE J 2013;59:258–71. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.13809.Search in Google Scholar
8. Gao, L, Xu, W, Xia, G. Modeling of biodiesel production in a membrane reactor using solid alkali catalyst. Chem Eng Process 2017;122:122–7. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2017.09.019.Search in Google Scholar
9. Hapońska, M, Nurra, C, Abelló, S, Makkee, M, Salvadó, J, Torras, C. Membrane reactors for biodiesel production with strontium oxide as a heterogeneous catalyst. Fuel Process Technol 2019;185:1–7.10.1016/j.fuproc.2018.11.010Search in Google Scholar
10. Cheryan, M. Ultrafiltration and microfiltration handbook, 2nd ed. CRC Press; 1998.10.1201/9781482278743Search in Google Scholar
11. Zondervan, E, Betlem, BHL, Roffel, B. Development of a dynamic model for cleaning ultra filtration membranes fouled by surface water. J Membr Sci 2007;289:26–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2006.11.031.Search in Google Scholar
12. Madaeni, SS, Saedi, S, Rahimpour, F, Zereshki, S. Optimization of chemical cleaning for removal of biofouling layer. Chem Prod Process Model 2009;4(16). https://doi.org/10.2202/1934-2659.1309.Search in Google Scholar
13. Popovic´, SS, Tekic´, MN, Djuric, MS. Kinetic models for alkali and detergent cleaning of ceramic tubular membrane fouled with whey proteins. J Food Eng 2009;94:307–15.10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2009.03.022Search in Google Scholar
14. Cheng, L-H, Yen, S-Y, Chen, Z-S, Chen, J. Modeling and simulation of biodiesel production using a membrane reactor integrated with a prereactor. Chem Eng Sci 2012;69:81–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2011.09.049.Search in Google Scholar
15. Xu, W, Gao, L, Wang, S, Xiao, G. Biodiesel production in a membrane reactor using MCM-41 supported solid acid catalyst. Bioresour Technol 2014;159:286–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.03.004.Search in Google Scholar
16. Abdurakhman, YB, Putra, ZA, Bilad, MR, Nordin, NAHM, Wirzal, MDH. Techno-economic analysis of biodiesel production process from waste cooking oil using catalytic membrane reactor and realistic feed composition. Chem Eng Res Des 2018;134:564–74.10.1016/j.cherd.2018.04.044Search in Google Scholar
17. Patel, NK, Shah, SN. Biodiesel from plant oils. In: Food, energy, and water - the chemistry connection. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2015:277–307 pp.10.1016/B978-0-12-800211-7.00011-9Search in Google Scholar
18. Darnoko, D, Cheryan, M. Kinetics of palm oil transesterification in a batch reactor. J Am Oil Chem Soc 2000;77:1263–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-000-0198-y.Search in Google Scholar
19. Rashid, U, Anwar, F. Production of biodiesel through optimized alkaline-catalyzed transesterification of rapeseed oil. Fuel 2008;87:265–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2007.05.003.Search in Google Scholar
20. Gomes, MCS, Pereira, NC, Barros, STD. Separation of biodiesel and glycerol using ceramic membranes. J Membr Sci 2010;352:271–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2010.02.030.Search in Google Scholar
21. Alves, MJ, Nascimento, SM, Pereira, IG, Martins, MI, Cardoso, VL, Reis, M. Biodiesel purification using micro and ultrafiltration membranes. Renew Energy 2013;58:15–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2013.02.035.Search in Google Scholar
22. Noriega, M, Narv´aez, P, Habert, A. Biodiesel separation using ultrafiltration poly(ether sulfone) hollow fiber membranes: improving biodiesel and glycerol rich phases settling. Chem Eng Res Des 2018;138:32–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2018.08.013.Search in Google Scholar
23. Buonomenna, M, Bae, J. Membrane processes and renewable energies. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 2015;43:1343–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.11.091.Search in Google Scholar
24. Rahimpour, M. Membrane reactors for biodiesel production and processing. In: Membrane reactors for energy applications and basic chemical production. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing; 2015:289–312 pp.10.1016/B978-1-78242-223-5.00010-8Search in Google Scholar
25. Choi, H, Zhang, K, Dionysiou, DD, Oerther, DB, Sorial, GA. Influence of cross-flow velocity on membrane performance during filtration of biological suspension. J Membr Sci 2005;248:189–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2004.08.027.Search in Google Scholar
26. Iritani, E, Katagiri, N. Developments of blocking filtration model in membrane filtration. KONA Powder Part J 2016;33:179–202. https://doi.org/10.14356/kona.2016024.Search in Google Scholar
27. Ghaffour, N. Modeling of fouling phenomena in cross-flow ultrafiltration of suspensions containing suspended solids and oil droplets. Desalination 2004;167:281–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2004.06.137.Search in Google Scholar
28. Das, B, Chakrabarty, B, Barkakati, P. Separation of oil from oily wastewater using low cost ceramic membrane. Kor J Chem Eng 2017;34:2559–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-017-0185-z.Search in Google Scholar
29. Salama, A, Zoubeik, M, Henni, A, Amin, ME. A new modeling approach for flux declining behavior during the filtration of oily-water systems due to coalescence and clustering of oil droplets: experimental and multicontinuum investigation. Separ Purif Technol 2019;227(115688). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2019.115688.Search in Google Scholar
30. Ariono, D, Wardani, AK, Widodo, S, Aryanti, PTP, Wenten, IG. Fouling mechanism in ultrafiltration of vegetable oil. Mater Res Express 2018;5(034009). https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/aab69f.Search in Google Scholar
31. Daniel, R, Billing, J, Russell, R, Shimskey, R, Smith, RPHD. Integrated pore blockage-cake filtration model for crossflow filtration. Chem Eng Res Des 2011;89:1094–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2010.09.006.Search in Google Scholar
32. Portha, J, Allain, F, Coupard, V, Dandeu, A, Girot, E, Schaer, E, et al.. Simulation and kinetic study of transesterification of triolein to biodiesel using modular reactors. Chem Eng J 2012;207–208:285–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.06.106.Search in Google Scholar
33. Baker, RW. Membrane technology and applications, 3rd ed. Newark, California: John Wiley & Sons; 2012.10.1002/9781118359686Search in Google Scholar
34. Genetic algorithm, The MathWorks, Inc., [Online]. Available from: https://nl.mathworks.com/help/gads/genetic-algorithm.html?s_tid=CRUX_lftnav [Accessed 2 Dec 2020].Search in Google Scholar
35. Fayyazi, E, Ghobadian, B, Najafi, G, Hosseinzadeh, B. Genetic algorithm approach to optimize biodiesel production by ultrasonic system. Chem Prod Process Model 2014;9:59–70. https://doi.org/10.1515/cppm-2013-0043.Search in Google Scholar
36. Zondervan, E. A numerical primer for the chemical engineer, 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2019.10.1201/9780429456343Search in Google Scholar
37. Jepsen, KL, Bram, MV, Pedersen, S, Yang, Z. Membrane fouling for produced water treatment: a review study from a process control perspective. Water 2018;10(847). https://doi.org/10.3390/w10070847.Search in Google Scholar
© 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Research Articles
- Robustness study of the tricalcium phosphate synthesis by using Taguchi’s approach
- Sensitivity analysis and optimization of the utility consumption of natural gas liquids (NGLs) process in the Siri Island Gas
- On methods to reduce spurious currents within VOF solver frameworks. Part 1: a review of the static bubble/droplet
- Separation of HCl/water mixture using air gap membrane distillation, Taguchi optimization and artificial neural network
- Dynamic modeling of fouling over multiple biofuel production cycles in a membrane reactor
- Review
- Design of multi-loop control systems for distillation columns: review of past and recent mathematical tools
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Research Articles
- Robustness study of the tricalcium phosphate synthesis by using Taguchi’s approach
- Sensitivity analysis and optimization of the utility consumption of natural gas liquids (NGLs) process in the Siri Island Gas
- On methods to reduce spurious currents within VOF solver frameworks. Part 1: a review of the static bubble/droplet
- Separation of HCl/water mixture using air gap membrane distillation, Taguchi optimization and artificial neural network
- Dynamic modeling of fouling over multiple biofuel production cycles in a membrane reactor
- Review
- Design of multi-loop control systems for distillation columns: review of past and recent mathematical tools
