Transport of Pesticides via Macropores (IUPAC Technical Report)
Transport of Pesticides via Macropores (IUPAC Technical Report)
Werner Kördel, Hans Egli, and Michael Klein
Pure and Applied Chemistry, 2008
Vol. 80, No. 1, pp. 105–160
doi:10.1351/pac200880010105
This report provides an overview of the transport of solutes via macropores, focusing on the practical relevance of the phenomenon. After a description of matrix flow and preferential flow in soil, information related to macropores, including their formation and measurement techniques, is briefly presented. Then, the influence of experimental conditions and of environmental and agricultural factors and pesticide properties is discussed, based on a statistical evaluation of all published studies offering sufficient quantitative information.
Most of the analyzed parameters do not significantly influence the experimental pesticide losses. The groundwater ubiquity score index turned out to be the most important compound property to describe substance losses through macropore flow. In a third section, tools for modeling pesticide transport through macropores are presented and critically evaluated. Results of the computer model MACRO, which is also used in the European Union pesticide registration process, are compared with experimental losses. For five out of seven investigated pesticides, the simulated losses are in agreement with the experimental data. However, for two compounds with very low soil adsorbtion values, MACRO overestimated the losses. Finally, the significance of pesticide transport via macropores for contamination of ground and surface water is assessed. Losses caused by macropore transport may considerably exceed losses caused by matrix transport at a specific site. Therefore, a site-specific assessment of pesticide leaching is needed.
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- Provisional Recommendations
- Further Conventions for NMR Shielding and Chemical Shifts (IUPAC Recommendations 2008)
- Transport of Pesticides via Macropores (IUPAC Technical Report)
- Performance Evaluation Criteria for Preparation and Measurement of Macro- and Microfabricated Ion-Selective Electrodes (IUPAC Technical Report)
- Chemists and “The Public”: IUPAC’s Role in Achieving Mutual Understanding (IUPAC Technical Report)
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- Modern Physical Chemistry for Advanced Materials
- Physical Organic Chemistry in Latin America
- Infrared Spectroscopy Applied to Biological and Biomimetic Systems
- Malta III–Research and Education in the Middle East
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- Physical Organic Chemistry
- Safe Food
- Macro- and Supra-Molecular Architectures and Materials
- Challenges in Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry
- Nano-Bio & Clean Tech
- Chemistry Industry and Environment
- Mark Your Calendar
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Masthead
- Contents
- Adding a Stone to the IUPAC Edifice
- Spain Celebrates Its Year of Science Honoring Mendeleev
- Where Does IUPAC Stand with Regard to this Discipline?
- Triads, Triads, Everywhere
- Chemistry in the Information and Communications Technology Age
- Analytical Terminology and the Orange Book–The Resources at the End of the Rainbow
- Peter Mahaffy Awarded 3M Canada Teaching Fellowship
- Pieter S. Steyn Receives Science for Society Gold Medal
- Chemical Heritage Foundation Produces Distillations, a Weekly Podcast
- Mechanistic Aspects of Chemical Vapor Generation of Volatile Hydrides for Trace Element Determination
- Assessment of Theoretical Methods for the Study of Reactions Involving Global Warming Gas Species Degradation and Byproduct Formation
- Analysis of the Usage of Nanoscience and Technology in Chemistry
- Extension of ThermoML–The IUPAC Standard for Thermodynamic Data Communications
- Provisional Recommendations
- Further Conventions for NMR Shielding and Chemical Shifts (IUPAC Recommendations 2008)
- Transport of Pesticides via Macropores (IUPAC Technical Report)
- Performance Evaluation Criteria for Preparation and Measurement of Macro- and Microfabricated Ion-Selective Electrodes (IUPAC Technical Report)
- Chemists and “The Public”: IUPAC’s Role in Achieving Mutual Understanding (IUPAC Technical Report)
- DE STERS!
- Glossary of Terms Related to Solubility (IUPAC Recommendations 2008)
- Structure-Based Nomenclature for Cyclic Organic Macromolecules (IUPAC Recommendations 2008)
- Impact of Scientific Developments on the Chemical Weapons Convention (IUPAC Technical Report)
- Graphical Representation Standards for Chemical Structure Diagrams (IUPAC Recommendations 2008)
- The Periodic Table: Database or XML?
- The Investigation of Organic Reactions and their Mechanisms
- Modern Physical Chemistry for Advanced Materials
- Physical Organic Chemistry in Latin America
- Infrared Spectroscopy Applied to Biological and Biomimetic Systems
- Malta III–Research and Education in the Middle East
- The Future of Science Is through Its Students
- Physical Organic Chemistry
- Safe Food
- Macro- and Supra-Molecular Architectures and Materials
- Challenges in Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry
- Nano-Bio & Clean Tech
- Chemistry Industry and Environment
- Mark Your Calendar
