Critical Evaluation of Stability Constants of Phosphonic Acids (IUPAC Technical Report)
Highlights from Pure and Applied Chemistry
Critical Evaluation of Stability Constants of Phosphonic Acids (IUPAC Technical Report)
by Konstantin Popov, Hannu Rönkkömäki, and Lauri H. J. Lajunen
Pure and Applied Chemistry Vol. 73, No. 10, pp. 1641-1677 (2001)
Organophosphonate chelating compounds are widely used in a broad variety of applications.Their ability to prevent precipitation of calcium salts at substoichiometric concentrations (threshold effect) finds wide application in water treatment for scale inhibition. Phosphonates, particularly EDTPH and DTPPH, are used extensively in laundry detergents. These materials are also used as corrosion inhibitors, in industrial cleaning and in peroxy bleach stabilization. Uses of organophosphonates span applications in flame-resistant polymers, photographic processing, ore flotation (aminophosphonic surfactants), actinide separation processes, and analytical chemistry. Recently, organophosphonates have been identified as promising reagents for the creation of so-called “structurally tailored” materials and microporous materials, in catalysis, and in the electrochemical treatment of polluted soils.
The high biological activity of carboxyalkylphosphonates, aminoalkylphosphonates, and alkylenediphosphonates makes them useful agents as components of microfertilizers and pesticides in agriculture, as well as drugs and diagnostic reagents in biology and medicine. Annual industrial output of organophosphonates is in the thousands of tons.
The broad and intensive applications of organophosphonates require reliable data on the stability constants of the corresponding complexes in order to permit equilibrium modeling and prediction of the important technological, environmental, and pharmacokinetic equilibria. As phosphonates resist biodegradation, chemical speciation calculations based on numerical equilibrium data are of extreme importance for applications such as environmental science, waste management, agriculture, scale inhibition, magnetic resonance imaging, behavior of radiopharmaceuticals in blood plasma, and many others.
The data of interest are partly accumulated in some monographs, reviews, and compilations of stability constants. Recently, two computer databases have become commercially available. The IUPAC Stability Constants Database (SC-Database) is the more comprehensive. For organophosphonates, some data in the “critically evaluated compilations” are not consistent with later, more precise results. These are therefore rejected in the present work.
This study critically evaluated available experimental data on stability constants of proton and metal complexes for 10 phosphonic acids [methylphosphonic acid, 1-hydroxyethane- 1,1-diylbisphosphonic acid, dichloromethylenebisphosphonic acid, aminomethanephosphonic acid, N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine, imino-N, N-bis(methylenephosphonic acid), N-methylamino-N, N-bis(methylenephosphonic acid), nitrilotris(methylenephosphonic acid), 1,2-diaminoethane- N,N,N´,N´-tetrakis-(methylenephosphonic acid), and diethylenetriamine-N,N,N´,N´´,N´´-pentakis-( methylenephosphonic acid)]. For the latter phosphonate, all the data are rejected, as well as protonation constants [HL]/[H][L] for three other ligands. Higher-quality data are selected and presented as “Recommended” and “Provisional.”
This review is generally based on the data published in the period 1965-1996, but some earlier and later publications are also included. The data collection embraced databases Chemical Abstracts, and the personal collections of the authors.
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Articles in the same Issue
- Masthead
- Contents
- Broadening Active Participation in IUPAC Activities
- If IUPAC is to be successful in representing worldwide chemistry, it needs to foster synergistic relationships with the global community of chemists.
- The Bureau International des Poids et Mesures: Establishing Standards in the Physical Sciences
- The kilogram is, today, the only base unit still defined in terms of a material artifact
- The Synthesis and Naming of Elements 110 and Beyond
- Reliable Solubility Data in the Age of Computerized Chemistry: Why, How, and When?
- Modeling, regardless of the discipline, has one common feature: Reliable data are an essential element.
- Breaking Away from the Old Three Ss
- Young Chemists Travel Far with Canadian National Committee Awards
- Chemical Nomenclature and Structure Representation
- Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry
- SCOPE/IUPAC International Symposium on Endocrine Active Substances
- Generic Source-Based Nomenclature for Polymers (IUPAC Recommendations 2001)
- Quantum Chemical B3LYP/cc-pvqz Computation of Ground-State Structures and Properties of Small Molecules with Atoms of Z ≤ 18 (Hydrogen to Argon) (IUPAC Technical Report)
- Standards in Isothermal Microcalorimetry (IUPAC Technical Report)
- Critical Evaluation of Stability Constants of Phosphonic Acids (IUPAC Technical Report)
- IUPAC Seeks Your Comments
- Quantities, Terminology, and Symbols in Photothermal and Related Spectroscopies
- The Naming of New Elements
- The Biogeochemistry of Iron in Seawater
- Polymerization Processes and Polymer Materials, Volumes I and II
- Characterization of Compounds in Solution: Theory and Practice
- CRC Handbook of Optical Resolutions via Diastereomeric Salt Formation
- Medicinal Chemistry
- Analytical Sciences
- CAS/IUPAC Conference on Chemical Identifiers and XML for Chemistry 1 July 2002, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Central European Conference on “Chemistry Towards Biology” 8-12 September 2002, Portoroz, Slovenia
- The Ninth International Conference on Flow Analysis 10-14 February 2003, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Conference Announcements in Brief
- Calendar of IUPAC Sponsored Conferences
