Commission on High-Temperature Materials and Solid State Chemistry (II.3)

Reports from Commissions

Commission on High-Temperature Materials and Solid State Chemistry (II.3)

Minutes of Commission Meeting in Ljubljana, Slovenia, 12-13 June 1998

Corish and Rosenblatt reported on the recent events concerning the future role and organization of IUPAC activities. The IUPAC Executive Committee (EC) on 4 April 1998 discussed the report of the Strategy Development and Implementation Committee (SDIC). The ad hoc SDIC was appointed in 1997 to develop a strategic plan for the Union and to suggest the procedure to redirect IUPAC's major scientific activities toward a project-based system, to replace the existing Division/Commission structure. The EC accepted the SDIC report and decided unanimously to recommend that the Bureau approve the SDIC proposals at their meeting in September 1998. These proposals will provide new policy for IUPAC's future development. IUPAC President Jortner sent a letter to commission officers on 21 April 1998 asking for a wide-ranging discussion of the details and ramifications of the SDIC proposals.

The summary of recommendations on the organization and management of scientific activities and the summary of formal actions required were distributed to members of Commission II.3. Under the SDIC proposals, the IUPAC Council will be asked in 1999 to terminate all existing commissions at the end of 2001. Instead of commissions, the division committees are to become the focus of scientific work in the Division, and to have overall responsibility for initiating, developing, and managing the work of the Division. The committees would solicit ideas for projects from National Adhering Organizations (NAO), National Chemical Societies, Regional Federations, IUPAC Fellows, and participants at relevant IUPAC symposia. Future projects would be carried out by Task Groups appointed for the (usually short-term) duration of the project and funded adequately to permit completion of the project in the planned time frame. A committee on Project Evaluation Criteria was recently established to advise the EC and the Bureau on criteria for the evaluation of project proposals, on the mechanism for approval of such proposals and allocation of resources, and on criteria for the assessment of the outcome of the projects. Corish is a member of this committee.

Corish asked for responses to the proposals in the SDIC Report by 31 July. In particular, opinions and proposals were sought relevant to the following items: (i) Division Committee-nomination and election of the Committee and Officers, size and responsibilities of the Committee; (ii) future of the Commissions of Division II-the need for long-term Commissions after 2001; and (iii) Project-Driven System-how will it work within the Division, how should the proposed Task Groups be organized and managed? Members of Commission II.3 were asked to communicate their comments to Chairman Spear.

Project Reports

Potential New Projects

New projects will be affected by future IUPAC policy to support short-term projects, not titular members. The Bureau meeting in September will shed more light on this matter. Commission II.3 may propose important projects, for example, concerning materials. New commission members should be engaged in projects within their area of expertise.

Other Topics

HTMC-X in 2000

Hilpert reported that the conference will be held at Jülich from 10-14 April 2000 (Monday-Thursday). Mail asking for IUPAC sponsorship was sent to Jost, and HTMC-X has been announced in Chemistry International as approved. An international advisory committee has been established. Plenary lectures are foreseen as covering general overviews of alloys, ceramics, thermodynamic modeling, and CVD (coatings). Keynote lectures will be delivered by younger scientists. A visit to Jülich KFA laboratories will be arranged for Friday, 15 April. Hands-on demonstrations of thermodynamic databases will be organized. A proceedings volume may be issued by the Jülich Institute. The first circular will be issued shortly, and the conference will be announced in materials-related journals.

HTMC-XI in 2003

Rosenblatt reported that he will contact prospective organizers within months. The actual deadline for determining the location of HTMC-XI is the HTMC-X meeting in April 2000 (see above).

Commission II.3 Meeting in 1999

The commission meeting will be during the General Assembly in Berlin, 7-14 August.

Report from CTC

Kizilyalli reported. CTC Chairman Bradley summarized the future actions and some dilemmas at the CTC meeting in Geneva. His observations were distributed to Commission II.3 members. CTC launched an international critical review of chemical education, with the important objective of providing the basis for transmitting chemical principles into associated disciplines, such as materials chemistry and chemical biology. The plan is to produce approximately 10 manuscripts on suitable subjects and publish them by June 1999. CTC will work out the details of a formal agreement with UNESCO to secure funding for this project. Comments concerning this action are solicited.

D. Kolar

Secretary of Commission II.3

Reports from Commissions

Commission on High-Temperature Materials and Solid State Chemistry (II.3)

Project Reports

230/23/89 Terminology for Diffusion in the Solid State

Kizilyalli reported on a previously refereed draft manuscript, "Definition of Terms for Diffusion in the Solid State", by M. Kizilyalli, J. Corish, and R. Metselaar. Corish and Chadwick volunteered to perform a final review of the manuscript, with special care taken to ensure that the symbols used are in agreement with IUPAC recommendations. They will FTP the finalized manuscript to Rosenblatt by 12 July. Rosenblatt will maintain it on a server for FTP downloading (LORENZO.WINS.LBL.Gov). The referees will be informed by e-mail that a revised manuscript is now available for their viewing. Each reviewer is being individually contacted to preserve the confidentiality of their identities.

230/24/93 Chemical Research Needed to Improve High-Temperature Processing of Advanced Ceramics

Kolar distributed a short progress report. Several suggestions for improvement and additions to the draft manuscript distributed at the Geneva meeting were received. Kolar will prepare an amended version of the report and send it by e-mail to Spear by 15 August. Spear will review and edit it before the 10 September meeting of the Inorganic Division executive committee of Corish, Rosenblatt, and Busch at Berkeley. Corish may use this draft to illustrate Commission II.3 activity in the materials field at the Bureau Meeting in Frankfurt on 26-27 September. In parallel, Kolar and coworkers will work further on the document. The revised document will be sent to commission members at the beginning of 1999 for comments and suggestions. An amended manuscript will be reviewed at the Commission II.3 meeting in Berlin in August 1999. The title of the report should be amended to read "Chemical Research Needed to Improve High Temperature Processing of Advanced Ceramic Materials".

230/27/95 Terminology of Vapor Deposition

Spear reported that Carlsson will share responsibility for managing the efforts of several experts to provide more breadth to the project. Leskala will oversee atomic layer epitaxy (ALE) terminology; Hastie will handle laser ablation terminology, and Teer will collect terminology for PVD processes. Chatillon volunteered to provide names of experts for help with the MBE terminology area. A draft report for review by the Commission is planned for the Berlin IUPAC meeting.

SC-2 (232/1/91) Characterization of Carbonaceous Materials and New Carbons

Boehm reported that the compilation of various national standards for the characterization of carbon materials is close to completion. Professor E. Heintz (U. of Buffalo, NY, USA) will send the finalized manuscript in the near future, and Boehm will forward it to the other members of SC-2 for comment without delay.

PST-18 Calculation of Equilibrium Thermodynamic Properties of High-Temperature Superconductors

Voronin submitted an extensive report entitled "Thermodynamics of High-Temperature Superconductors in Yttrium-Barium-Copper-Oxygen System, Part 1: Y-123 Solid Solution", which includes an analysis of results of experimental and theoretical investigations. About 3000 experimental results obtained in 220 miscellaneous experiments published in 57 papers have been processed simultaneously to obtain the most reliable Gibbs energy of the Y-123 solid solution in the temperature region from 250 K to 1300 K. A linear error model was employed for the simultaneous assessment and compared with results of the conventional weighted least squares method. The benefit of the new approach is emphasized. Voronin estimates that the project may be finished within 1.5 years.

In the discussion, the necessity was pointed out to distinguish between original scientific contributions and IUPAC commission reviews. Some of the results mentioned above have been previously published. It was concluded that the final IUPAC commission report should be edited and compared to the distributed document, by referencing previously published articles that describe experimental and calculated procedures and results. The commission report to be published in Pure and Applied Chemistry (PAC) should summarize conclusions developed from the review and analysis of the global body of work performed, and should explain the scientific and technological importance of the unique data analysis. The value of publication in PAC will be to inform interested readers about the existence of the collected data and a new tool for their interpretation.

Voronin will prepare a modified commission-sponsored article for PAC that summarizes conclusions and applications while referencing available journal articles that contain the original data and the full details of the analysis technique.

PST-16 Teaching of High-Temperature Materials Chemistry at Universities

Commission regrets that because of a recent accident, Balducci was neither able to attend the meeting nor to prepare an extensive report. However, Balducci informed the chairman that he would submit a report to commission members by the end of summer 1998.

WB-3 Structure and Properties of Ceramic Fibers

Lewis was not present to report, owing to the examination schedule at Warwick University. In a short written report, he informed the commission that there are new developments in the field but the progress is slow in relation to commercially available fibers. If the period as a watching brief (WB) is soon to expire, Lewis would be prepared to initiate a task force (TF); however, it is not clear that a survey, defining structure and properties, is within the meaning of an IUPAC TF. Commission members believe the project is timely and justified. It is necessary to find experts willing to help in the further definition and carrying out of the project. Lewis mentioned that he needs to reconsider his continued participation in IUPAC projects. Spear will contact Lewis to clarify this matter.

230/9/83 High-Temperature Mass Spectrometry Ionization Cross-Sections

Chatillon's report contains 3 sections (metals, ionization cross-sections, and thermodynamics), including 40 pages of text, 140 references, and a limited number of tables and figures. Data on the cross-sections proposed by Man are being considered for inclusion as an Appendix. Chatillon will convey the document to Drowart, who will complete the tables for this project during June/July. Chatillon will prepare a new draft report, which will be given to "mass spectrometry" experts before the Gordon Research Conference (GRC) on "High Temperature Materials: Processing and Diagnostics" in Plymouth, New Hampshire on 19-24 July 1998. Chatillon will not attend the conference, but Drowart and Hastie will coordinate discussions with experts at this GRC. Suggestions will be recorded and communicated to Chatillon. Chatillon and Drowart will complete the document in September. The final document, reviewed by Spear, Rosenblatt, and Corish, will be ready for review by the commission at the IUPAC meeting in Berlin in August 1999.

230/25/93 Surface Analysis of Ceramics

Lewis was not present to report. In a written report, he informed the commission that the two other contributors to this project (Dowsett and Watts) have made no further progress owing to pressure of teaching and research. Prospects for completion before the 1999 meeting are poor. Spear will contact Lewis to clarify further prospects for this project.

230/29/95 Teaching Experiments in Solid State Chemistry

Kizilyalli's report includes a list of 21 experiments developed and edited by various authors. The initial two sets of experiments, edited by Kihlborg and presented at the Guildford meeting, were developed at Stockholm University and the Indian Institute of Technology at Madras, respectively. Those sets of experiments were tested by Kizilyalli in Ankara, and most were found suitable. In 1997, several new experiments developed by Kizilyalli were added to the list.

As a next step, Kizilyalli will reorganize the format of each experiment to include (1) equipment needed, (2) chemicals needed, (3) time required, and (4) safety issues at the beginning of the write-up. The plan is to make the experiments available to interested persons on the IUPAC web site. Corish will contact John Jost to accomplish this. Spear will contact Jimmie Edwards for help in preparing the web site. Spear will also contact Kihlborg to see if the experiments he submitted for this project are available on a computer disk to save work in retyping. Spear will also inform the Gordon conference participants of this project, and will ask for interest and a willingness to contribute to the testing and editing of written documents. Kizilyalli will inform the IUPAC Committee on Teaching Chemistry (she is a member) and check their interest in publicizing the availability of experiments on the IUPAC web site. Spear is willing to serve as a contact between Kizilyalli and the IUPAC web site person. He will also determine the possibility of securing IUPAC funds for secretarial help, if needed.

TF 20 Terminology Used in Sol-Gel Processing of Advanced Ceramics and Inorganic/Organic Polymeric Substances (Pool Project 230/30/95 or 410/27/95)

Holland was not present to report. In a written report, she informed the commission that the contributor to the project from Commission IV.I is now Dick Jones of Kent University. Holland met with Jones and other experts (John Wright and Mark Smith). She included a listing of abbreviations and terms in her report as an example of the type of information and style of presentation for the Sol-Gel Nomenclature report. The list was discussed at the UK/Ireland Sol-Gel Workshop in London in April and will be shown at the meeting of IUPAC Commission IV.I in July in Sydney. Holland will also arrange a meeting with Jones, Livage, and Hess (and possibly others) over the summer of 1998. The aim is to have a complete draft document of terms at the commission meeting in Berlin in August of 1999.

Spear will contact Holland, commend her on the work completed to date, and strongly encourage her to meet with Livage and other experts. It seems possible to secure financial support, if needed, and to complete the project and prepare the final draft document for the IUPAC meeting in Berlin.

PST-19 Thermochemical and Thermophysical Properties of Refractory Metal Carbides

Balducci was not present to report. He and De Maria will present a report in July. Chatillon may join the project after completion of the mass spectrometry cross-section project.

230/28/95 Terminology of Silicon Nitride-Based Ceramics

Metselaar was not present to report. He informed the commission that, after receiving comments from a number of reviewers, a revised proposal was published in the J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. and the Bull. Amer. Ceram. Soc. Because no additional comments were received as a result of these efforts, the manuscript should be sent to 15-25 additional reviewers. Spear will inform Metselaar to proceed.

PST-20 Classification and Nomenclature of Phosphorous Compounds

Kizilyalli's report elaborated on the need for this project and informed the commission of several inconsistencies or ambiguities in the phosphate literature. Rosenblatt had previously contacted the chairman of nomenclature commission in the Inorganic Division; however, no definite opinion was received. In order to decide on justifying this project for Commission II.3, a listing of phosphate compounds with inconsistencies or ambiguities in their naming should be sent to the nomenclature commission for their inspection and proper naming. In an accompanying letter, it should be stated that the aim of Commission II.3 is not to introduce new rules for nomenclature but, rather, to assign names according to existing rules and to classify the compounds. Kizilyalli should prepare the list and send it to Corish, who will contact the chairman of the nomenclature commission.

Reports from Commissions

Commission on High-Temperature Materials and Solid State Chemistry (II.3)

Project Reports

230/23/89 Terminology for Diffusion in the Solid State

230/24/93 Chemical Research Needed to Improve High-Temperature Processing of Advanced Ceramics

230/27/95 Terminology of Vapor Deposition

SC-2 (232/1/91) Characterization of Carbonaceous Materials and New Carbons

PST-18 Calculation of Equilibrium Thermodynamic Properties of High-Temperature Superconductors

PST-16 Teaching of High-Temperature Materials Chemistry at Universities

WB-3 Structure and Properties of Ceramic Fibers

230/9/83 High-Temperature Mass Spectrometry Ionization Cross-Sections

230/25/93 Surface Analysis of Ceramics

230/29/95 Teaching Experiments in Solid State Chemistry

TF 20 Terminology Used in Sol-Gel Processing of Advanced Ceramics and Inorganic/Organic Polymeric Substances (Pool Project 230/30/95 or 410/27/95)

PST-19 Thermochemical and Thermophysical Properties of Refractory Metal Carbides

230/28/95 Terminology of Silicon Nitride-Based Ceramics

PST-20 Classification and Nomenclature of Phosphorous Compounds