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Higher D-lactate levels are associated with higher prevalence of small dense low-density lipoprotein in obese adolescents

  • Reyna Rodríguez-Mortera , Claudia Luevano-Contreras , Sergio Solorio-Meza , Russell Caccavello , Yasmin Bains , Ma Eugenia Garay-Sevilla and Alejandro Gugliucci EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: February 15, 2018
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Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)
From the journal Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) Volume 56 Issue 7

Abstract

Background:

Childhood obesity is associated with insulin resistance (IR), increased levels of small dense low-density lipoprotein (sd-LDL) as well as with augmented hepatic de novo lipogenesis, which implies increased triose phosphate fluxes that may lead to increased methylglyoxal (MG) and its catabolic end product D-lactate. We hypothesized that obese adolescents have increased D-lactate serum levels associated with high incidence of sd-LDL.

Methods:

This is a cross-sectional study where the anthropometric characteristics, atherogenic dyslipidemia complex, sd-LDL (Lipoprint, Quantimetrix) and D-lactate (kinetic enzymatic analysis) were explored in 30 lean vs. 30 obese adolescents (16 females and 14 males per group) without metabolic syndrome (MetS). Endothelial function by flow-mediated dilation (FMD, by ultrasound) and arterial lesion by carotid intima media thickness (CIMT, by ultrasound) were also measured.

Results:

The mean age of participants was 16.8 ± 1.4 years. Obese adolescents had a body mass index of 32.7 ± 3.8 vs. 21.8 ± 2.1 in lean participants. The obesity group showed higher D-lactate levels: 6.2 ± 3.0 vs. 4.5 ± 2.5 μmol/L, higher levels of insulin: 15 (9.6–23.5) vs. 7.9 (6.5–10.5) μIU/mL; triglyceride (TG): 1.46 (1.1–1.8) vs. 0.84 (0.6–1.2) mmol/L; non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (NON-HDL-C): 2.8 ± 0.9 vs. 2.3 ± 0.7 mmol/L; total cholesterol (TC)/HDL-C) index: 2.9 ± 0.7 vs. 2.4 ± 0.5; TG/HDL-C index: 2.2 (1.5–2.8) vs. 1.1 (0.8–1.8); %LDL-3: 4.2 ± 4.07 vs. 1.9 ± 2.7; smaller LDL size: 270.6 ± 3 vs. 272.2 ± 1.1 Å. D-lactate correlated positively with LDL-2: r = 0.44 and LDL-3 (sd-LDL): r = 0.49 and negatively with large LDL-1: r = −0.48 and LDL size: r = −0.46; (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001 and p<0.0001, respectively). Obese adolescents showed higher CIMT: 0.51 ± 0.08 vs. 0.46 ± 0.08 mm and lower FMD: 20.3% ± 6.7% vs. 26.0% ± 9.3%.

Conclusions:

Obese adolescents display subclinical signs of IR and endothelial dysfunction. Higher serum sd-LDL levels correlated positively with D-lactate levels. These findings suggest an association between atherogenic dyslipoproteinemia and whole body MG fluxes already detectable in apparently healthy obese adolescents.

Keywords: atherosclerosis; carotid intima media thickness (CIMT); D-lactate; flow-mediated dilation (FMD); insulin-resistance; LDL subclasses; metabolic syndrome; methylglyoxal; obesity
Corresponding author: Alejandro Gugliucci, MD, PhD, Professor and Associate Dean of Research, Touro University-California, 1310 Club Drive, 94592, Vallejo, CA, USA; and Glycation, Oxidation and Disease Laboratory, Department of Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University, Vallejo, CA, USA, Phone: +1 707 638 5237, Fax: +1 707 638 5998

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank all the participants and parents/caregivers who volunteered for this study.

  1. Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

  2. Research funding: Grant DAIP University of Guanajuato (Project 011/2015) and Touro University-California (069).

  3. Employment or leadership: None declared.

  4. Honorarium: None declared.

  5. Competing interests: The funding organization(s) played no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the report for publication.

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Received: 2017-8-17
Accepted: 2018-1-10
Published Online: 2018-2-15
Published in Print: 2018-6-27

©2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2017-0733
Keywords for this article
atherosclerosis; carotid intima media thickness (CIMT); D-lactate; flow-mediated dilation (FMD); insulin-resistance; LDL subclasses; metabolic syndrome; methylglyoxal; obesity

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Editorial
  3. Free light chains in the cerebrospinal fluid. Do we still need oligoclonal IgG?
  4. Reviews
  5. Obese phenotype and natriuretic peptides in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
  6. Prognostic value of HE4 in patients with ovarian cancer
  7. Opinion Paper
  8. Laboratory hemostasis: from biology to the bench
  9. Genetics and Molecular Diagnostics
  10. Multicenter validation study for the certification of a CFTR gene scanning method using next generation sequencing technology
  11. General Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine
  12. IL8 and IL16 levels indicate serum and plasma quality
  13. “Send & hold” clinical decision support rules improvement to reduce unnecessary testing of vitamins A, E, K, B1, B2, B3, B6 and C
  14. CSF free light chain identification of demyelinating disease: comparison with oligoclonal banding and other CSF indexes
  15. Search for new biomarkers of pediatric multiple sclerosis: application of immunoglobulin free light chain analysis
  16. The importance of detecting anti-DFS70 in routine clinical practice: comparison of different care settings
  17. Higher D-lactate levels are associated with higher prevalence of small dense low-density lipoprotein in obese adolescents
  18. LC-MSMS assays of urinary cortisol, a comparison between four in-house assays
  19. Optimized angiotensin-converting enzyme activity assay for the accurate diagnosis of sarcoidosis
  20. Quantitative urine test strip reading for leukocyte esterase and hemoglobin peroxidase
  21. Performance evaluation of cobas HBV real-time PCR assay on Roche cobas 4800 System in comparison with COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan HBV Test
  22. Systematic comparison of routine laboratory measurements with in-hospital mortality: ICU-Labome, a large cohort study of critically ill patients
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  24. Establishing reference intervals for sex hormones and SHBG in apparently healthy Chinese adult men based on a multicenter study
  25. Plasma midregional proadrenomedullin (MR-proADM) concentrations and their biological determinants in a reference population
  26. Cancer Diagnostics
  27. Analytical validation of the Hevylite assays for M-protein quantification
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  29. Assessing matrix, interferences and comparability between the Abbott Diagnostics and the Beckman Coulter high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I assays
  30. Infectious Diseases
  31. Evaluation of a novel prognostic score based on thrombosis and inflammation in patients with sepsis: a retrospective cohort study
  32. Letters to the Editor
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