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Reference intervals for 24 laboratory parameters determined in 24-hour urine collections

  • Raffaele Curcio , Helen Stettler , Paolo M. Suter , Jasmin Barman Aksözen , Lanja Saleh , Katharina Spanaus , Murielle Bochud , Elisabeth Minder and Arnold von Eckardstein EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: June 6, 2015
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Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)
From the journal Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) Volume 54 Issue 1

Abstract

Background: Reference intervals for many laboratory parameters determined in 24-h urine collections are either not publicly available or based on small numbers, not sex specific or not from a representative sample.

Methods: Osmolality and concentrations or enzymatic activities of sodium, potassium, chloride, glucose, creatinine, citrate, cortisol, pancreatic α-amylase, total protein, albumin, transferrin, immunoglobulin G, α1-microglobulin, α2-macroglobulin, as well as porphyrins and their precursors (δ-aminolevulinic acid and porphobilinogen) were determined in 241 24-h urine samples of a population-based cohort of asymptomatic adults (121 men and 120 women). For 16 of these 24 parameters creatinine-normalized ratios were calculated based on 24-h urine creatinine. The reference intervals for these parameters were calculated according to the CLSI C28-A3 statistical guidelines.

Results: By contrast to most published reference intervals, which do not stratify for sex, reference intervals of 12 of 24 laboratory parameters in 24-h urine collections and of eight of 16 parameters as creatinine-normalized ratios differed significantly between men and women. For six parameters calculated as 24-h urine excretion and four parameters calculated as creatinine-normalized ratios no reference intervals had been published before. For some parameters we found significant and relevant deviations from previously reported reference intervals, most notably for 24-h urine cortisol in women. Ten 24-h urine parameters showed weak or moderate sex-specific correlations with age.

Conclusions: By applying up-to-date analytical methods and clinical chemistry analyzers to 24-h urine collections from a large population-based cohort we provide as yet the most comprehensive set of sex-specific reference intervals calculated according to CLSI guidelines for parameters determined in 24-h urine collections.

Keywords: 24-h urine collection; cortisol; electrolytes; porphyrins; proteinuria; reference interval
Corresponding author: Arnold von Eckardstein, Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland, Phone: +41 44 2552260, Fax: +41 44 2554590, E-mail:

Acknowledgments

We thank the laboratory staff of the Institute for Clinical Chemistry and of the Institute of Laboratory Medicine of the University Hospital and the Stadtspital Triemli of Zurich, respectively for their technical assistance.

  1. Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

  2. Research funding: None declared.

  3. Employment or leadership: None declared.

  4. Honorarium: None declared.

  5. Competing interests: The funding organization(s) played no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the report for publication.

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Received: 2014-10-24
Accepted: 2015-5-5
Published Online: 2015-6-6
Published in Print: 2016-1-1

©2016 by De Gruyter

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https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2014-1041
Keywords for this article
24-h urine collection; cortisol; electrolytes; porphyrins; proteinuria; reference interval

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Editorial
  3. Building a bridge to safe diagnosis in health care. The role of the clinical laboratory
  4. Capillary electrophoresis for the screening and diagnosis of inherited hemoglobin disorders. Ready for prime time?
  5. Reviews
  6. Hyperuricemia as risk factor for coronary heart disease incidence and mortality in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  7. Towards biomarker-based tests that can facilitate decisions about prevention and management of preeclampsia in low-resource settings
  8. Mini Review
  9. Clinical relevance of sST2 in cardiac diseases
  10. General Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine
  11. Preservation of urine free catecholamines and their free O-methylated metabolites with citric acid as an alternative to hydrochloric acid for LC-MS/MS-based analyses
  12. Performance characteristics of the VIDAS® 25-OH Vitamin D Total assay – comparison with four immunoassays and two liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods in a multicentric study
  13. Differentiation of acute pyelonephritis from other febrile states in children using urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL)
  14. Early postoperative C-terminal agrin fragment (CAF) serum levels predict graft loss and proteinuria in renal transplant recipients
  15. Homocitrulline: a new marker for differentiating acute from chronic renal failure
  16. Hematology and Coagulation
  17. Development of hemoglobin typing control materials for laboratory investigation of thalassemia and hemoglobinopathies
  18. Comparison of capillary electrophoresis and high performance liquid chromatography for detection and quantification of hemoglobin New York
  19. Prevalence of hemostatic alterations in patients with recurrent spontaneous subconjunctival hemorrhage
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  22. First trimester PAPP-A2, PAPP-A and hCGβ in small-for-gestational-age pregnancies
  23. Cancer Diagnostics
  24. Clinical utility of one versus two faecal immunochemical test samples in the detection of advanced colorectal neoplasia in symptomatic patients
  25. Cardiovascular Diseases
  26. Time from symptom onset influences high-sensitivity troponin T diagnostic accuracy for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction
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  28. Correlates of serum hepcidin levels and its association with cardiovascular disease in an elderly general population
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  30. Usefulness of several biomarkers in the management of septic patients: C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, presepsin and mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin
  31. Diabetes
  32. Performance of strip-based glucose meters and cassette-based blood gas analyzer for monitoring glucose levels in a surgical intensive care setting
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  38. Platelet microRNAs are not modulated by systemic heparin in acute coronary syndromes
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