Startseite Medizin Short-term estimation and application of biological variation of small dense low-density lipoproteins in healthy individuals
Artikel
Lizenziert
Nicht lizenziert Erfordert eine Authentifizierung

Short-term estimation and application of biological variation of small dense low-density lipoproteins in healthy individuals

  • Julio Lara-Riegos , Eduardo Brambila EMAIL logo , Ana Ake-Ku , Vanessa Villegas-Hernández , Carmen Quintero-Carrilo , Rolffy Ortiz-Andrade , Rubén Yza-Villanueva , Julio Torres-Romero und Patricia Lozano-Zarain
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 17. Juli 2013
Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)
Aus der Zeitschrift Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) Band 51 Heft 11

Abstract

Background: A number of methods have been developed to measure small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sd-LDL-C) to evaluate atherogenic risk in the population. However, to our knowledge there are no reports about the biologic variability of these lipoproteins. Therefore, the aim of this work was to estimate sd-LDL-C biological variability, and with this information establish quality specifications, index of individuality (II) and reference change values (RCV).

Methods: To estimate within- and between-subject biological variability, sd-LDL-C in serum was measured in 24 individuals (11 female and 13 male) for 5 consecutive days and then, at 2 and 3 weeks. Quality specifications, II, and RCVs were estimated according to procedures described.

Results: Total within- and between-subject biological variability, expressed as coefficient of variation, was 9.1% and 20%. Meanwhile, within- and between-biological variability in female and men was 10.9% and 6.7%, and 22% and 17%, respectively. Desirable quality specification to the sd-LDL-C method was 4.6% for analytical imprecision, bias 5.5% and total allowable error of 11.4%; the II was 0.46 and the RCV (calculated at 95% and 99% of significance) was 27.1% and 35.7%, for the total data.

Conclusions: Short-term biological variability components were determined, and then used to estimate quality specifications, II and RCV for sd-LDL-C precipitation assay. To our knowledge, this is one of the first reports about sd-LDL-C biological variability, so that this information can be used as a starting point to develop long-term studies of biological variability for sd-LDL-C.

Keywords: analytical variability; analytical variation; biological variability; lipids; quality assurance; quality control
Corresponding author: Eduardo Brambila, Clinical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Faculty, Autonomous University of Puebla, Puebla, México, Pedro Hinojosa 17, Lomas de Loreto, Puebla, México 72260, Phone/Fax: +52 222 2341761, E-mail:

References

1. Tegos TJ, Kalodiki E, Sabetai MM, Nicolaides AN. The genesis of atherosclerosis and risk factors: a review. Angiology 2001;52:89–98.10.1177/000331970105200201Suche in Google Scholar

2. Rosas PM, Fause A. Enfermedad cardiovascular. Primera causa de muerte en adultos de México y el mundo. Arch Cardiol México 2007;77:91–3.Suche in Google Scholar

3. Krauss RM, Blanche PJ. Detection and quantitation of LDL subfractions. Curr Opin Lipidol 1992;3:377–83.10.1097/00041433-199212000-00005Suche in Google Scholar

4. Otvos JD, Jeyarajah EJ, Cromwell WC. Measurement issues related to lipoprotein heterogeneity. Am J Cardiol 2002;90(Suppl):22i–9i.10.1016/S0002-9149(02)02632-2Suche in Google Scholar

5. Sniderman AD. How, when, and why to use apolipoprotein B in clinical practice. Am J Cardiol 2002;90(Suppl):48i–54i.10.1016/S0002-9149(02)02633-4Suche in Google Scholar

6. Berneis KK, Krauss RM. Metabolic origins and clinical significance of LDL heterogeneity. J Lipid Res 2002;43:1363–79.10.1194/jlr.R200004-JLR200Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

7. Chancharme L, Thérond P, Nigon F, Lepage S, Couturier M, Chapman MJ. Cholesteryl ester hydroperoxide lability is a key feature of the oxidative susceptibility of small, dense LDL. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999;19:810–20.10.1161/01.ATV.19.3.810Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

8. Goulinet S, Chapman MJ. Plasma LDL and HDL subspecies are heterogeneous in particle content of tocopherols and oxygenated and hydrocarbon carotenoids. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997;17:786–96.10.1161/01.ATV.17.4.786Suche in Google Scholar

9. Kwiterovich PO. Clinical relevance of the biochemical, metabolic and genetic factors that influence low-density lipoprotein heterogeneity. Am J Cardiol 2002;90(Suppl):30i–45i.10.1016/S0002-9149(02)02749-2Suche in Google Scholar

10. Austin MA, Breslow JL, Hennekens GH, Buring JE, Willet WC, Krauss RM. Low-density lipoprotein subclass patterns and risk of myocardial infarction. J Am Med Assoc 1988;260:1917–21.10.1001/jama.1988.03410130125037Suche in Google Scholar

11. Campos H, Genest JJ Jr, Blijlevens E, McNamara JR, Jenner J, Ordovas JM, et al. Low density lipoprotein particle size and coronary artery disease. Arterioscler Thromb 1992;12:187–95.10.1161/01.ATV.12.2.187Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

12. Chapman MJ, Bruckert E. The atherogenic role of triglycerides and small, dense low density lipoproteins: impact of ciprofibrate therapy. Atheroesclerosis 1996;124(Suppl):S21–8.10.1016/0021-9150(96)05853-4Suche in Google Scholar

13. Stampfer MJ, Krauss RM, Ma J, Blanche PJ, Holl LG, Sacks FM, et al. A prospective study of triglyceride level, low-density lipoprotein particle diameter, and risk of myocardial infarction. J Am Med Assoc 1996;276:882–8.10.1001/jama.1996.03540110036029Suche in Google Scholar

14. Hirano T, Ito Y, Saegusa H, Yoshino G. A novel and simple method for quantification of small dense low-density lipoprotein. J Lipid Res 2003;44:2193–201.10.1194/jlr.D300007-JLR200Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

15. Hirano T, Ito Y, Koba S, Toyoda M, Ikejiri A, Saegusa H, et al. Clinical significance of small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels determined by the simple precipitation method. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2004;24:558–63.10.1161/01.ATV.0000117179.92263.08Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

16. Austin MA, King MC, Viranizan KM, Krauss RM. Atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype: a proposed genetic marker for coronary heart disease risk. Circulation 1990;82:495–506.10.1161/01.CIR.82.2.495Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

17. Blake GJ, Otvos JD, Rifai N, Ridker PJ. Low-density lipoprotein particle concentration and size as determined by NMR spectroscopy as predictors of cardiovascular disease in women. Circulation 2002;106:1930–7.10.1161/01.CIR.0000033222.75187.B9Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

18. Arai H, Kokubo Y, Watanabe M, Sawamura T, Ito Y, Minagawa A, et al. Small dense low-density lipoproteins cholesterol can predict incident cardiovascular disease in an urban Japanese cohort: the Suita study. J Atheroscler Thromb 2013;20: 195–203.10.5551/jat.14936Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

19. Fraser CG, editor. Biological variation: from principles to practice. Washington DC: American Association for Clinical Chemistry Press, 2001.Suche in Google Scholar

20. Ricós C, Perich C, Doménech M, Fernández P, Biosca C, Minchinela J, et al. Variación biológica. Revisión desde una perspectiva práctica. Rev Lab Clín 2010;3:192–200.10.1016/j.labcli.2010.07.003Suche in Google Scholar

21. Available from: http://www.westgard.com/biodatabase1.htm (Updated August, 2012). Accessed on April 30, 2013.Suche in Google Scholar

22. Smith DJ, Cooper GR, Myers GL, Sampson EJ. Biological variability in concentrations of serum lipids: sources of variation among results from published studies and composite predicted values. Clin Chem 1993;39:1012–22.10.1093/clinchem/39.6.1012Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

23. Ai M, Otokozawa S, Asztalos BF, Ito Y, Nakajima K, White CC, et al. Small dense LDL cholesterol and coronary heart disease: results from the Framingham offspring study. Clin Chem 2010;56:967–76.http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=000278145000018&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=b7bc2757938ac7a7a821505f8243d9f310.1373/clinchem.2009.137489Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

24. Vekik J, Zeljkovic A, Jelic-Ivanovic Z, Spasojevic-Kalimanovska V, Bogavac-Stanojevic N, Memon L, et al. Small, dense LDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B: relationship with serum lipids and LDL size. Atherosclerosis 2009;207:496–501.http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=000273566700033&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=b7bc2757938ac7a7a821505f8243d9f310.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.06.035Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

25. Horn PS, Pesce AJ, editors. Reference intervals: a user’s guide. Washington DC: American Association for Clinical Chemistry Press, 2005.Suche in Google Scholar

26. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Defining, establishing, and verifying reference intervals in the clinical laboratory; approved guideline, 3rd ed. C28-A3. Vol. 28 No. 30. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 2010.Suche in Google Scholar

27. Harris EK. Effect of intra- and interindividual variation on the appropriate use of normal ranges. Clin Chem 1974;20:1535–42.10.1093/clinchem/20.12.1535Suche in Google Scholar

28. Executive summary of the third report of the national cholesterol educational program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult treatment panel III). J Am Med Assoc 2001;285:2486–97.10.1001/jama.285.19.2486Suche in Google Scholar

29. Reaven GM, Chen YD, Jeppesen J, Maheux P, Krauss RM. Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia in individuals with small, dense, low density lipoprotein particles. J Clin Invest 1993;92:141–6.10.1172/JCI116541Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

30. Deighan CJ, Caslake MJ, McConnell M, Boulton-Jones JM, Packard CJ. Atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype in end stage renal failure: origin and extent of small dense low-density lipoprotein formation. Am J Kidney Dis 2000;35:852–62.10.1016/S0272-6386(00)70255-1Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

31. Hirano T, Nohtomi K, Sato Y, Kamata K, Ito Y. Small dense LDL-cholesterol determined by a simple precipitation assay for screening familial combined hyperlipidemia. Atherosclerosis 2009;205:603–7.http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=000269289500047&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=b7bc2757938ac7a7a821505f8243d9f310.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.01.009Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

32. Nozue T, Michishita I, Ishibashi Y, Ito S, Iwaki T, Mizuguchi I, et al. Small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is a useful marker of metabolic syndrome in patients with coronary artery disease. J Atheroescler Thromb 2007;14:202–7.10.5551/jat.E507Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

33. Otvos JD, Collins D, Freedman DS, Shalaurova I, Schaefer EJ, McNamara JR, et al. Low-density lipoprotein particle subclasses predict coronary events and are favourably changed by gemfibrozil therapy in the Veterans Affairs high-density lipoprotein intervention trial. Circulation 2006;113:1556–63.10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.565135Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

34. Vakkilainen J, Steiner G, Ansquer JC, Aubin F, Tattier S, Foucher C, et al. Relationships between low-density lipoprotein particle size, plasma lipoproteins and progression of coronary artery disease: the Diabetes artherosclerosis intervention study (DAIS). Circulation 2003;107:1733–7.10.1161/01.CIR.0000057982.50167.6ESuche in Google Scholar PubMed

35. Rizzo M, Rini GB, Spinas GA, Berneis K. The effects of ezetimibe on LDL-cholesterol: quantitative or qualitative changes? Atherosclerosis 2009;204:330–3.http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=000267200600002&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=b7bc2757938ac7a7a821505f8243d9f310.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.10.005Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Received: 2013-05-16
Accepted: 2013-06-25
Published Online: 2013-07-17
Published in Print: 2013-11-01

©2013 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin Boston

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Letter to the Editor
  2. Elevated level of cell-free plasma DNA is associated with advanced-stage breast cancer and metastasis
  3. Is procalcitonin a reliable marker of sepsis in critically ill septic patients undergoing continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration with “high cut-off” membranes (HCO-CVVHDF)?
  4. Challenging our serological algorithm for celiac disease (CD) diagnosis by the ESPGHAN guidelines
  5. Preanalytical quality control in a university hospital in China
  6. Racial differences and relationships between gestational thyrotropin and free thyroxine in a multiracial Asian population
  7. Analytical performance and method comparison study of the total homocysteine immunoassay on the AIA 600II analyser
  8. Easy verification of clinical chemistry reference intervals
  9. The Elecsys® Vitamin B12 assay is not affected by anti-intrinsic factor antibodies
  10. Chemiluminescence-based cobalamin assay errors: background and perspectives
  11. Congress Abstracts
  12. Abstracts IV Italian Great Network Congress Rome, 14th–18th October 2013*)
  13. Masthead
  14. Masthead
  15. Editorial
  16. Making colorectal cancer screening FITTER for purpose with quantitative faecal immunochemical tests for haemoglobin (FIT)
  17. From “panic” to “critical” values: which path toward harmonization?
  18. Review
  19. Cerebrospinal fluid analyses for the diagnosis of subarachnoid haemorrhage and experience from a Swedish study. What method is preferable when diagnosing a subarachnoid haemorrhage?
  20. Opinion Paper
  21. False myths and legends in laboratory diagnostics
  22. General Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine
  23. National survey on critical values notification of 599 institutions in China
  24. Influence of physical properties of cuvette surface on measurement of serum lipase
  25. Red cell indices: differentiation between β-thalassemia trait and iron deficiency anemia and application to sickle-cell disease and sickle-cell thalassemia
  26. Measurement of immature platelets with Abbott CD-Sapphire and Sysmex XE-5000 in haematology and oncology patients
  27. Performance characteristics of consensus approaches for small and minor paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria clone determination by flow cytometry
  28. Comparison of PR3-ANCA specific assay performance for the diagnosis of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s)
  29. The integration of the detection of systemic sclerosis-associated antibodies in a routine laboratory setting: comparison of different strategies
  30. Reference Values and Biological Variations
  31. Reference interval studies: what is the maximum number of samples recommended?
  32. Short-term estimation and application of biological variation of small dense low-density lipoproteins in healthy individuals
  33. Cancer Diagnostics
  34. Diagnostic inconsistency of faecal immunochemical tests for haemoglobin in population screening of colorectal cancer
  35. Cardiovascular Diseases
  36. Comparison of the 99th percentiles of three troponin I assays in a large reference population
  37. Assessment of plasma aminothiol levels and the association with recurrent atherothrombotic events in patients hospitalized for an acute coronary syndrome: a prospective study
  38. Diabetes
  39. The relationship between estimated average glucose and fasting plasma glucose
  40. Evaluation of enzymatic BM Test HbA1c on the JCA-BM6010/C and comparison with Bio-Rad Variant II Turbo, Tosoh HLC 723 G8, and AutoLab immunoturbidimetry assay
https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2013-0370
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
analytical variability; analytical variation; biological variability; lipids; quality assurance; quality control

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Letter to the Editor
  2. Elevated level of cell-free plasma DNA is associated with advanced-stage breast cancer and metastasis
  3. Is procalcitonin a reliable marker of sepsis in critically ill septic patients undergoing continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration with “high cut-off” membranes (HCO-CVVHDF)?
  4. Challenging our serological algorithm for celiac disease (CD) diagnosis by the ESPGHAN guidelines
  5. Preanalytical quality control in a university hospital in China
  6. Racial differences and relationships between gestational thyrotropin and free thyroxine in a multiracial Asian population
  7. Analytical performance and method comparison study of the total homocysteine immunoassay on the AIA 600II analyser
  8. Easy verification of clinical chemistry reference intervals
  9. The Elecsys® Vitamin B12 assay is not affected by anti-intrinsic factor antibodies
  10. Chemiluminescence-based cobalamin assay errors: background and perspectives
  11. Congress Abstracts
  12. Abstracts IV Italian Great Network Congress Rome, 14th–18th October 2013*)
  13. Masthead
  14. Masthead
  15. Editorial
  16. Making colorectal cancer screening FITTER for purpose with quantitative faecal immunochemical tests for haemoglobin (FIT)
  17. From “panic” to “critical” values: which path toward harmonization?
  18. Review
  19. Cerebrospinal fluid analyses for the diagnosis of subarachnoid haemorrhage and experience from a Swedish study. What method is preferable when diagnosing a subarachnoid haemorrhage?
  20. Opinion Paper
  21. False myths and legends in laboratory diagnostics
  22. General Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine
  23. National survey on critical values notification of 599 institutions in China
  24. Influence of physical properties of cuvette surface on measurement of serum lipase
  25. Red cell indices: differentiation between β-thalassemia trait and iron deficiency anemia and application to sickle-cell disease and sickle-cell thalassemia
  26. Measurement of immature platelets with Abbott CD-Sapphire and Sysmex XE-5000 in haematology and oncology patients
  27. Performance characteristics of consensus approaches for small and minor paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria clone determination by flow cytometry
  28. Comparison of PR3-ANCA specific assay performance for the diagnosis of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s)
  29. The integration of the detection of systemic sclerosis-associated antibodies in a routine laboratory setting: comparison of different strategies
  30. Reference Values and Biological Variations
  31. Reference interval studies: what is the maximum number of samples recommended?
  32. Short-term estimation and application of biological variation of small dense low-density lipoproteins in healthy individuals
  33. Cancer Diagnostics
  34. Diagnostic inconsistency of faecal immunochemical tests for haemoglobin in population screening of colorectal cancer
  35. Cardiovascular Diseases
  36. Comparison of the 99th percentiles of three troponin I assays in a large reference population
  37. Assessment of plasma aminothiol levels and the association with recurrent atherothrombotic events in patients hospitalized for an acute coronary syndrome: a prospective study
  38. Diabetes
  39. The relationship between estimated average glucose and fasting plasma glucose
  40. Evaluation of enzymatic BM Test HbA1c on the JCA-BM6010/C and comparison with Bio-Rad Variant II Turbo, Tosoh HLC 723 G8, and AutoLab immunoturbidimetry assay
Jetzt anmelden und 20% sparen
Institutioneller Zugang
Wie funktioniert Authentifizierung?
Haben Sie eine Idee, wie wir unsere Website verbessern können?
Bitte schreiben Sie uns.
© 2025 De Gruyter Brill
Heruntergeladen am 30.12.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/cclm-2013-0370/html
Button zum nach oben scrollen