Abstract
Background: Defining common reference intervals (RIs) are encouraging. The aim of this study is to establish RIs for complete blood count (CBC) in a Chinese Han population and probe their age- and sex-related CBC trends. Additionally, we will compare the CBC RIs of Han with those of other races.
Methods: In total 1259 Han individuals (584 male and 675 female) were recruited in North China. CBC was processed on Sysmex XE-2100, Coulter LH750 and Mindray BC5800 whose traceability was well verified. The non-parametric 2.5th–97.5th percentiles RIs were calculated.
Results: The RIs for CBC parameters did not show apparent analyzer-specificity, apart from mean cellular volume (MCV), mean platelet volume (MPV), plateletcrit (PCT) and platelet distribution width (PDW). Red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (HBG), hematocrit (HCT), mean cellular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean cellular hemoglobin concentration (MGHC) are higher in males; and their male mean values tend to drop after 40 years; conversely, the female mean values tend to rise. Platelet (PLT) is higher in females and tends to drop after 40 years in both sexes. White blood cell (WBC) and absolute count of neutrophils (NE) and monocytes (MO) are higher in males, but there is no apparent change with age. Lymphocytes (LY) absolute count declines with age in males, but the same change in females is not obvious. RIs for HBG and HCT are similar among Han, Nordic, US European and US Mexican populations and are lower in US Africans. WBC RIs for Han and US African populations are lower than that for US Europeans and US Mexicans.
Conclusions: RIs for major blood cell parameters are not method-dependent; variations obviously exist in age, sex and race. Consequently, common RIs for most CBC parameters appear inapplicable.
Acknowledgments
This study was supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program (2012BAI37B01) and the Ministry of Health P.R. China Project of “The establishment of clinical laboratory key assays reference intervals for Chinese”.
Conflict of interest statement
Authors’ conflict of interest disclosure: The authors stated that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this article. Research support played no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the report for publication.
Research funding: None declared.
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
References
1. CLSI. Defining establishing and verifying reference intervals in the clinical laboratory; approved guideline, 3rd ed. CLSI document C28-A3c. Horowitz GL. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 2010.Suche in Google Scholar
2. Ceriotti F. Common reference intervals: the IFCC position. Clin Biochem 2009;42:297.10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2008.09.017Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
3. Nordic Reference Interval Project. Hematology data. Available from: http://pweb.furst.no/norip/. Accessed July 21, 2012.Suche in Google Scholar
4. Cheng CK, Chan J, Cembrowski GS, van Assendelft OW. Complete blood count reference interval diagrams derived from NHANES III: stratification by age, sex, and race. Lab Hematol 2004;10:42–53.10.1532/LH96.04010Suche in Google Scholar
5. CLSI. Validation, verification, and quality assurance of automated hematology analyzers; approved standard, 2nd ed. CLSI document H26-A2. Rabinovitch A. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 2007.Suche in Google Scholar
6. ICSH HGB Expert Panel. Recommendations for reference method for haemoglobinometry in human blood and specifications for international haemiglobincyanide standard. J Clin Pathol 1996;49:271–4.10.1136/jcp.49.4.271Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
7. ICSH Cytometry Panel. Recommendation for reference method for packed cell volume. Laboratory Hematology 2001;7:148–70.Suche in Google Scholar
8. ICSH. Reference method for the enumeration of erythrocytes and leukocytes. Clin Lab Haematol 1994;16:13–138.Suche in Google Scholar
9. ICSH Cytometry Panel. Platelet counting by RBC/platelet ratio method. Am J Clin Pathol 2001;115:460–4.10.1309/W612-MYEP-FA7U-8UYASuche in Google Scholar
10. Solberg HE. The IFCC recommendation on estimation of reference intervals. The RefVal program. Clin Chem Lab Med 2004;42:710–4.10.1515/CCLM.2004.121Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
11. Buttarello M, Plebani M. Automated blood cell count. State of the Art. Am J Clin Pathol 2008;130:104–16.10.1309/EK3C7CTDKNVPXVTNSuche in Google Scholar PubMed
12. Ceriotti F, Hinzmann R, Panteghini M. Reference intervals: the way forward. Ann Clin Biochem 2009;46:8–17.10.1258/acb.2008.008170Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
13. Van den Bossche J, Devreese K, Malfait R, Van de Vyvere M, Wauters A, Neeis H, et al. Reference intervals for a complete blood count determined on different automated haematology analysers: Abx Pentra 120 Retic, Coulter Gen-S, Sysmex SE 9500, Abbott Cell Dyn 4000 and Bayer Advia 120. Clin Chem Lab Med 2002;40:69–73.Suche in Google Scholar
14. Brummitt DR, Barker HF. The determination of a reference range for new platelet parameters produced by the Bayer ADVIA120 full blood count analyser. Clin Lab Haematol 2000;22:103–7.10.1046/j.1365-2257.2000.00285.xSuche in Google Scholar PubMed
15. Wakeman L, Al-Ismail S, Benton A, Beddall A, Gibbs A, Hartnell S, et al. Robust, routine haematology reference ranges for healthy adults. Int J Lab Hematol 2007;29:279–83.10.1111/j.1365-2257.2006.00883.xSuche in Google Scholar PubMed
16. Ye Y, Wang Y, Shen Z. National guide to clinical laboratory procedures, 3rd ed. Nanjing: Southeast University Press, 2006:160.Suche in Google Scholar
17. Ferrucci L, Maggio M, Bandinelli S, Basaria S, Lauretani F, Ble A, et al. Low testosterone levels and the risk of anemia in older men and women. Arch Intern Med 2006;166:1380–8.10.1001/archinte.166.13.1380Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
18. Ferrucci L, Guralnik JM, Woodman RC, Bandinelli S, Lauretani F, Corsi AM, et al. Proinflammatory state and circulating erythropoietin in persons with and without anemia. Am J Med 2005;118:1288.10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.06.039Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
19. Shelton JB, Rajfer J. Androgen deficiency in aging and metabolically challenged men. Urol Clin North Am 2012;39:63–75.10.1016/j.ucl.2011.09.007Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
20. Montagnana M, Cervellin G, Meschi T, Lippi G. The role of red blood cell distribution width in cardiovascular and thrombotic disorders. Clin Chem Lab Med 2011;50:635–41.Suche in Google Scholar
21. Lim EM, Cembrowski G, Cembrowski M, Clarke G. Race-specific WBC and neutrophil count reference intervals. Int J Lab Hematol 2010;32:590–7.10.1111/j.1751-553X.2010.01223.xSuche in Google Scholar PubMed
©2014 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus: reiterated responsibilities for the clinical laboratory
- Review
- The association between plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) levels, PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism, and myocardial infarction: a Mendelian randomization meta-analysis
- Opinion Papers
- Harmonization of quality indicators in laboratory medicine. A preliminary consensus
- Cardiac biomarkers and risk assessment in patients undergoing major non-cardiac surgery: time to revise the guidelines?
- General Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine
- A statistical basis for harmonization of thyroid stimulating hormone immunoassays using a robust factor analysis model
- Sigma metrics used to assess analytical quality of clinical chemistry assays: importance of the allowable total error (TEa) target
- Combined light chain immunofixation to detect monoclonal gammopathy: a comparison to standard electrophoresis in serum and urine
- Automated indirect immunofluorescence microscopy enables the implementation of a quantitative internal quality control system for anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) analysis
- Peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with bipolar disorder demonstrate apoptosis and differential regulation of advanced glycation end products and S100B
- Coefficient of energy balance, a new parameter for basic investigation of the cerebrospinal fluid
- Interconversion of stone composition profiles from two recurrent stone episodes in stone formers
- Reference Values
- Complete blood count reference intervals and age- and sex-related trends of North China Han population
- Cancer Diagnostics
- The quantification of HER2 and MYC gene fragments in cell-free plasma as putative biomarkers for gastric cancer diagnosis
- Cardiovascular Diseases
- Novel sensitive cardiac troponin I immunoassay free from troponin I-specific autoantibody interference
- Interleukin-6 receptor Asp358Ala gene polymorphism is associated with plasma C-reactive protein levels and severity of aortic valve stenosis
- Diabetes
- Stability of glucose in plasma with different anticoagulants
- Plasma glucose measurement in diabetes: impact and implications of variations in sample collection procedures with a focus on the first hour after sample collection
- Changing from glucose to HbA1c for diabetes diagnosis: predictive values of one test and importance of analytical bias and imprecision
- System accuracy evaluation of systems for point-of-care testing of blood glucose: a comparison of a patient-use system with six professional-use systems
- Letter to the Editors
- Reply to the article entitled “Identification of an 18 bp deletion in the TWIST1 gene by CO-amplification at lower denaturation temperature-PCR (COLD-PCR) for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of craniosynostosis: first case report” by Galbiati et al., Clin Chem Lab Med 2014;52(4):505–9
- Further considerations concerning non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of craniosynostosis based on the identification of an 18 bp deletion in the TWIST1 gene by COLD-PCR
- Sensible use of laboratory testing requires active laboratory involvement
- Digoxin overdose – an accurate method for determining free digoxin concentrations on general chemistry analysers post DigiFab treatment
- Method-specific differences in β-isomerised carboxy-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen and procollagen type I amino-terminal propeptide using two fully automated immunoassays
- Evaluation of mutation profiling by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry in fine needle aspirations from papillary thyroid cancer
- Evaluation of Calfast® immunochromatographic quantitative assay for the measurement of calprotectin in faeces
- Measurement error in estimated average glucose: a novel approach
- Feasibility of an EQAS for HbA1c in Italy using fresh blood samples
- Congress Abstracts
- 5th Annual International Symposium on Kallikreins and Kallikrein-Related Peptidases
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus: reiterated responsibilities for the clinical laboratory
- Review
- The association between plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) levels, PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism, and myocardial infarction: a Mendelian randomization meta-analysis
- Opinion Papers
- Harmonization of quality indicators in laboratory medicine. A preliminary consensus
- Cardiac biomarkers and risk assessment in patients undergoing major non-cardiac surgery: time to revise the guidelines?
- General Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine
- A statistical basis for harmonization of thyroid stimulating hormone immunoassays using a robust factor analysis model
- Sigma metrics used to assess analytical quality of clinical chemistry assays: importance of the allowable total error (TEa) target
- Combined light chain immunofixation to detect monoclonal gammopathy: a comparison to standard electrophoresis in serum and urine
- Automated indirect immunofluorescence microscopy enables the implementation of a quantitative internal quality control system for anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) analysis
- Peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with bipolar disorder demonstrate apoptosis and differential regulation of advanced glycation end products and S100B
- Coefficient of energy balance, a new parameter for basic investigation of the cerebrospinal fluid
- Interconversion of stone composition profiles from two recurrent stone episodes in stone formers
- Reference Values
- Complete blood count reference intervals and age- and sex-related trends of North China Han population
- Cancer Diagnostics
- The quantification of HER2 and MYC gene fragments in cell-free plasma as putative biomarkers for gastric cancer diagnosis
- Cardiovascular Diseases
- Novel sensitive cardiac troponin I immunoassay free from troponin I-specific autoantibody interference
- Interleukin-6 receptor Asp358Ala gene polymorphism is associated with plasma C-reactive protein levels and severity of aortic valve stenosis
- Diabetes
- Stability of glucose in plasma with different anticoagulants
- Plasma glucose measurement in diabetes: impact and implications of variations in sample collection procedures with a focus on the first hour after sample collection
- Changing from glucose to HbA1c for diabetes diagnosis: predictive values of one test and importance of analytical bias and imprecision
- System accuracy evaluation of systems for point-of-care testing of blood glucose: a comparison of a patient-use system with six professional-use systems
- Letter to the Editors
- Reply to the article entitled “Identification of an 18 bp deletion in the TWIST1 gene by CO-amplification at lower denaturation temperature-PCR (COLD-PCR) for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of craniosynostosis: first case report” by Galbiati et al., Clin Chem Lab Med 2014;52(4):505–9
- Further considerations concerning non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of craniosynostosis based on the identification of an 18 bp deletion in the TWIST1 gene by COLD-PCR
- Sensible use of laboratory testing requires active laboratory involvement
- Digoxin overdose – an accurate method for determining free digoxin concentrations on general chemistry analysers post DigiFab treatment
- Method-specific differences in β-isomerised carboxy-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen and procollagen type I amino-terminal propeptide using two fully automated immunoassays
- Evaluation of mutation profiling by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry in fine needle aspirations from papillary thyroid cancer
- Evaluation of Calfast® immunochromatographic quantitative assay for the measurement of calprotectin in faeces
- Measurement error in estimated average glucose: a novel approach
- Feasibility of an EQAS for HbA1c in Italy using fresh blood samples
- Congress Abstracts
- 5th Annual International Symposium on Kallikreins and Kallikrein-Related Peptidases