The seaweed resources of Israel in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea

Alvaro Israel; Alexander Golberg; Amir Neori

doi:10.1515/bot-2019-0048

Article

The seaweed resources of Israel in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea

Alvaro Israel
Alvaro Israel is a senior scientist at Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research, Ltd. The National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, Israel. During his career he engaged in studying photosynthesis, carbon fixation and ecology of marine macroalgae, and has a vast experience in seaweed aquaculture and strain selection intended for the production of food and valuable molecules. Seaweed taxonomy using molecular tools, seaweed invasions and issues related to global change are under current investigation in his lab.
, Alexander Golberg
Alexander Golberg is an Associate Professor at Porter School of Environment and Earth Sciences at Tel Aviv University, Israel. He completed his PhD in bioengineering at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and continued working on a variety of projects that involved engineering and biology at UC Berkeley and Harvard Medical School. His main research interests are in biological system engineering using seaweeds, seaweed biorefinery and sustainable production of food, materials and biofuels for the benefit of the environment and human health.
and Amir Neori
Amir Neori is a marine biologist and a biological oceanographer who specialized in sustainable mariculture. He obtained his PhD in Marine Biology and Biological Oceanography from University of California San Diego – Scripps Institution of Oceanography in 1986 in algal photobiology. Neori was a senior scientist at the National Center for Mariculture, Eilat (Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research, Ltd.) from 1986 until 2018, and he recently joined Morris Kahn Marine Research Station, Department of Marine Biology, Leon Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Israel.

Published/Copyright: December 19, 2019

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From the journal Botanica Marina Volume 63 Issue 1

Abstract

In spite of the natural harsh marine environments and continuous global change stressors affecting the Levant basin, the Israeli marine flora in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea is quite diverse, with about 300 recognized species. Such high seaweed biodiversity for a small maritime area is remarkable compared to the ca. 1200 species described for the entire Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Since about the year 1890, the Levant basin has been hosting over 115 seaweeds species that migrated from the Indo-Pacific through the Suez Canal. Indeed, approximately 16% of the marine flora is regarded as invasive or exotic to the Israeli shores, in a process that constantly reshapes seaweed populations and their biodiversity. In spite of significant contributions by Israeli scientists to the general biology and technologies for seaweed cultivation worldwide, Israel has little historical and cultural tradition of commercial seaweed cultivation, or use. At present, only two commercial companies are engaged in land-based seaweed cultivation (Ulva sp. and Gracilaria sp.) with a number of products marketed locally and abroad. Recently, offshore cultivation and biorefinery approaches have been explored, but not yet commercialized.

Keywords: invasive seaweeds; land-based cultivation; offshore cultivation; seaweed industry

About the authors

Alvaro Israel

Alvaro Israel is a senior scientist at Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research, Ltd. The National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, Israel. During his career he engaged in studying photosynthesis, carbon fixation and ecology of marine macroalgae, and has a vast experience in seaweed aquaculture and strain selection intended for the production of food and valuable molecules. Seaweed taxonomy using molecular tools, seaweed invasions and issues related to global change are under current investigation in his lab.

Alexander Golberg

Alexander Golberg is an Associate Professor at Porter School of Environment and Earth Sciences at Tel Aviv University, Israel. He completed his PhD in bioengineering at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and continued working on a variety of projects that involved engineering and biology at UC Berkeley and Harvard Medical School. His main research interests are in biological system engineering using seaweeds, seaweed biorefinery and sustainable production of food, materials and biofuels for the benefit of the environment and human health.

Amir Neori

Amir Neori is a marine biologist and a biological oceanographer who specialized in sustainable mariculture. He obtained his PhD in Marine Biology and Biological Oceanography from University of California San Diego – Scripps Institution of Oceanography in 1986 in algal photobiology. Neori was a senior scientist at the National Center for Mariculture, Eilat (Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research, Ltd.) from 1986 until 2018, and he recently joined Morris Kahn Marine Research Station, Department of Marine Biology, Leon Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Israel.

Acknowledgments

AI and AG thank the Ministry of Science and Technology, Israel (Grant No. 3–99763), Ministry of Health, Fund for Medical Studies and Infrastructures Development, Israel (Grant No. 3-12788), and Ministry of Energy Infrastructures and Water Resources, Israel for financial support. This work also received support from the Israeli National Monitoring Program. AN thanks the contribution of Research Grant Award No. US – 4599-13R from BARD, The United States – Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund.

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Article note

This article is part of the special issue series of Botanica Marina: Seaweed resources of the world: a 2020 vision, which has started publication in Botanica Marina 2019, vol. 62, issue 3. The series is guest-edited by Alan T. Critchley, Anicia Hurtado, Leonel Pereira, Melania Cornish, Danilo Largo and Nicholas Paul.

Received: 2019-07-11

Accepted: 2019-11-14

Published Online: 2019-12-19

Published in Print: 2020-02-25

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Keywords for this article

invasive seaweeds; land-based cultivation; offshore cultivation; seaweed industry