Phytohormones in red seaweeds: a technical review of methods for analysis and a consideration of genomic data

Izumi C. Mori; Yoko Ikeda; Takakazu Matsuura; Takashi Hirayama; Koji Mikami

doi:10.1515/bot-2016-0056

Article

Phytohormones in red seaweeds: a technical review of methods for analysis and a consideration of genomic data

Izumi C. Mori
Izumi C. Mori obtained his PhD from Nagoya University in 1998. He established the LC–MS equipment in the Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, several years ago. His research focuses on phytohormone signaling of stomata.
, Yoko Ikeda
Yoko Ikeda got her PhD at Kyoto University in 2007. Her main research interests are plant epigenetic mechanisms in reproduction and environmental response. She also began to work on plant hormone research at Okayama University in 2013.
, Takakazu Matsuura
Takakazu Matsuura started to work as technical staff in Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, at 1991. He is experienced in LC-MS analysis and research on seed dormancy in wheat.
, Takashi Hirayama
Takashi Hirayama obtained his PhD from Kyoto University in 1992. He has been studying plant hormone signaling mechanisms by mainly applying molecular genetic approaches. His current interest is focused on understanding of how plants integrate various physiological and environmental information and choose the best response.
and Koji Mikami
Koji Mikami obtained his PhD from Hokkaido University in 1990. His research currently focuses on regulatory machineries of life-cycle, development and abiotic stress responses in seaweeds to understand how multicellular marine organisms acclimate to environmental stress and acquire stress tolerance for supporting their correct developmental programs under strict stress conditions.

Published/Copyright: March 30, 2017

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From the journal Botanica Marina Volume 60 Issue 2

Abstract

Emerging studies suggest that seaweeds contain phytohormones; however, their chemical entities, biosynthetic pathways, signal transduction mechanisms, and physiological roles are poorly understood. Until recently, it was difficult to conduct comprehensive analysis of phytohormones in seaweeds because of the interfering effects of cellular constituents on fine quantification. In this review, we discuss the details of the latest method allowing simultaneous profiling of multiple phytohormones in red seaweeds, while avoiding the effects of cellular factors. Recent studies have confirmed the presence of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), N⁶-(Δ2-isopentenyl)adenine (iP), (+)-abscisic acid (ABA), and salicylic acid, but not of gibberellins and jasmonate, in Pyropia yezoensis and Bangia fuscopurpurea. In addition, an in silico genome-wide homology search indicated that red seaweeds synthesize iP and ABA via pathways similar to those in terrestrial plants, although genes homologous to those involved in IAA biosynthesis in terrestrial plants were not found, suggesting the epiphytic origin of IAA. It is noteworthy that these seaweeds also lack homologues of known factors involved in the perception and signal transduction of IAA, iP, and ABA. Thus, the modes of action of these phytohormones in red seaweeds are unexpectedly dissimilar to those in terrestrial plants.

Keywords: epiphytes; genome-wide survey; hormone metabolism; liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry; phytohormone; red seaweed; simultaneous analysis

About the authors

Izumi C. Mori

Izumi C. Mori obtained his PhD from Nagoya University in 1998. He established the LC–MS equipment in the Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, several years ago. His research focuses on phytohormone signaling of stomata.

Yoko Ikeda

Yoko Ikeda got her PhD at Kyoto University in 2007. Her main research interests are plant epigenetic mechanisms in reproduction and environmental response. She also began to work on plant hormone research at Okayama University in 2013.

Takakazu Matsuura

Takakazu Matsuura started to work as technical staff in Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, at 1991. He is experienced in LC-MS analysis and research on seed dormancy in wheat.

Takashi Hirayama

Takashi Hirayama obtained his PhD from Kyoto University in 1992. He has been studying plant hormone signaling mechanisms by mainly applying molecular genetic approaches. His current interest is focused on understanding of how plants integrate various physiological and environmental information and choose the best response.

Koji Mikami

Koji Mikami obtained his PhD from Hokkaido University in 1990. His research currently focuses on regulatory machineries of life-cycle, development and abiotic stress responses in seaweeds to understand how multicellular marine organisms acclimate to environmental stress and acquire stress tolerance for supporting their correct developmental programs under strict stress conditions.

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful for support received from the Joint Research Program at the Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, and the Japan Advanced Plant Science Network. This work was supported in part by a KAKENHI grant-in-aid for the support of scientific research (no. 15H0453905) and the Ohara Foundation for Agricultural Research.

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Received: 2016-6-20

Accepted: 2017-2-23

Published Online: 2017-3-30

Published in Print: 2017-4-24

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Articles in the same Issue

https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2016-0056

Keywords for this article

epiphytes; genome-wide survey; hormone metabolism; liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry; phytohormone; red seaweed; simultaneous analysis