Abstract
Phylogenetic analyses based on ITS1, ITS2 and tufA gene sequences confirmed the earlier described presence of three Caulerpa species, namely C. prolifera, C. mexicana and C. scalpelliformis, along the Israeli Mediterranean shores. These analyses also demonstrated that C. mexicana is indeed widespread in this area, and ruled out the presence of the morphologically almost similar and invasive C. taxifolia. In the past, this species has apparently been misidentified by local phycologists. A consistent genotypic variability present in the Israeli C. mexicana sequences creates a well-supported separate clade when compared to their Mediterranean Sea counterparts.
The help of Dr. Noa Blecher, Carmit Burshtein, and Dr. Yaacov Duek with the molecular work is appreciated. Thanks to Sharon Victor for her useful comments during the writing of the manuscript. This research is part of the Ph.D. thesis of Shimrit Ukabi, Bar-Ilan University, Israel.
References
Argyrou, M., A. Demetropoulos and M. Hadjichristophorou. 1999. Expansion of the macroalga Caulerpa racemosa and changes in softbottom macrofaunal assemblages in Moni Bay, Cyprus. Oceanol. Acta22: 517–528.10.1016/S0399-1784(00)87684-7Search in Google Scholar
Carruthers, T.J.B., D.I. Walker and J.M. Huisman. 1993. Culture studies on two morphological types of Caulerpa (Chlorophyta) from Perth, Western Australia, with a description of a new species. Bot. Mar.36: 589–596.Search in Google Scholar
Ceccherelli, G., L. Piazzi and D. Balata. 2002. Spread of introduced Caulerpa species in macroalgal habitats. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol.280: 1–11.10.1016/S0022-0981(02)00336-2Search in Google Scholar
Douek, J., Y. Barki, D. Gatexo and B. Rinkevich. 2002. Possible cryptic speciation within the sea anemone Actinia equina complex detected by AFLP markers. Zool. J.Linn. Soc.136: 315–320.10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00034.xSearch in Google Scholar
Edelstein, T. 1960. The biology and ecology of deep sea algae of the Haifa Bay. PhD thesis, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem (in Hebrew).Search in Google Scholar
Edelstein, T. 1962. On the algal associations and the ecology of the Benthonic flora of the Haifa Bay. Rec. Trav. St. Mar. End. Bull.Fasc.27: 209–211.Search in Google Scholar
Einav, R. 1993. Ecophysiological adaptation strategies of intertidal marine macroalgae. Mediterranean, Israel. Dissertationes botanicae, Journal Cramer, Berlin, Stuttgart.Search in Google Scholar
Einav, R. 1998. Two observations of seaweeds from the Israeli coast: Boodleopsis pusilla and Caulerpa prolifera (Forsskal) Lamouroux, (Chlorophyta, Caulerpales). Israel J. Plant Sci.46: 81–82.10.1080/07929978.1998.10676713Search in Google Scholar
Einav, R. and A. Israel. 2008. Checklist of seaweeds from the Israeli Mediterranean: Taxonomical and ecological approaches. Israel J. Plant Sci.56: 127–184.10.1560/IJPS.57.1-2.127Search in Google Scholar
Famà, P., B. Wysor, W.H.C.F. Kooistra and G.C. Zuccarello. 2002. Molecular phylogeny of the genus Caulerpa (Caulerpales, Chlorophyta) inferred from chloroplast tufA gene. J. Phycol.38: 1040–1050.Search in Google Scholar
Guiry, M.D. and G.M. Guiry. 2011. AlgaeBase, World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org; searched on 21 September 2011.Search in Google Scholar
Hall, T. 1999. BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symp. Ser. 41: 95–98.Search in Google Scholar
Jacoby, C., B. Lapointe and L. Creswell. 2004. Are Native and Nonindigenous Seaweeds Overgrowing Florida’s East Coast Reefs? Florida Sea Grant College Program SGEF-156.Search in Google Scholar
Jongma, D.N., D. Campo, E. Dattolo, D. D’Esposito, A. Duchi, P. Grewe, J. Huisman, M. Verlaque, M.B. Yokes and G. Procaccini. 2013. Identity and origin of a slender Caulerpa taxifolia strain introduced into the Mediterranean Sea. Bot. Mar.56: 27–39.10.1515/bot-2012-0175Search in Google Scholar
Lipkin, Y. 1962. Ecological observations at Mikhmoret coast. The estival aspect of marine vegetation. MSc thesis, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem (in Hebrew).Search in Google Scholar
Lipkin, Y. and U. Safriel. 1971. Intertidal zonation of rocky shores at Mikhmoret (Mediterranean, Israel). J. Ecol.59: 1–30.10.2307/2258448Search in Google Scholar
Lundberg, B. 1986. Variations in algal vegetation along the Mediterranean shore line of Israel as possible basis for planning of marine nature reserves. In: (Z. Dubinsky and Y. Steinberger, eds) Environmental quality and ecosystem stability. Bar-Ilan University Press, Ramat-Gan. pp. 221–231.Search in Google Scholar
Lundberg, B. 1996. Composition of the seaweed vegetation along the Mediterranean coast of Israel. Nature Conservation in Israel, Research and Surveys. Nature Reserves Authority, Jerusalem.Search in Google Scholar
Meinesz, A. 2001. Killer algae: the true tale of a biological invasion. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.Search in Google Scholar
Olsen, J.L., M. Valero, I. Meusnier, S. Boele-Bos and W.T. Stam. 1998. Mediterranean Caulerpa taxifolia and C. mexicana (Chlorophyta) are not conspecific. J. Phycol.34: 850–856.10.1046/j.1529-8817.1998.340850.xSearch in Google Scholar
Posada, D. and K.A. Crandall. 1998. MODELTEST: testing the model of DNA substitution. Bioinformatics14: 817–818.10.1093/bioinformatics/14.9.817Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Ramon, E. 1985. Algae. In: (A. Alon, ed.) Plants and animals of the land of israel. Laser Pages Publishing, Jerusalem. pp. 12–92 (in Hebrew).Search in Google Scholar
Rayss, T. 1941. Sur les Caulerpes de la cote Palestinienne. Palestine J. Bot.Jerusalem Series 2: 103–124 (in French).Search in Google Scholar
Rayss, T. and T. Edelstein. 1960. Deux Caulerpes nouvelles sur les cotes Mediterraneennes D’Israel. Rev. Gen. Bot.67: 602–620 (in French).Search in Google Scholar
Ronquist, F., J. Huelsenbeck and M. Teslenko. 2011. Draft MrBayes version 3. 2 Manual: Tutorials and Model Summaries.Search in Google Scholar
Stam, W.T., J.L. Olsen, S.F. Zaleski, S.N. Murray, K.R. Brown and L.J. Walters. 2006. A forensic and phylogenetic survey of Caulerpa species (Caulerpales, Chlorophyta) from the Florida coast, local aquarium shops, and e-commerce: Establishing a proactive baseline for early detection. J. Phycol.42: 1113–1124.Search in Google Scholar
Tamura, K., D. Peterson, N. Peterson, G. Stecher, M. Nei and S. Kumar. 2011. MEGA5: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol. Biol. Evol.28: 2731–2739.Search in Google Scholar
Thompson, J.D., T.J. Gibson, F. Plewniak, F. Jeanmougin and D.G. Higgins. 1997. The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res. 25: 4876–4882.10.1093/nar/25.24.4876Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Ukabi, S., Z. Dubinsky, Y. Steinberger and A. Israel. 2012. Surveying Caulerpa (Chlorophyta) species along the shores of the eastern Mediterranean. Med. Mar. Sci.13: 5–11.10.12681/mms.18Search in Google Scholar
Ukabi, S., Z. Dubinsky, Y. Steinberger and A. Israel. 2013. Temperature and irradiance effects on growth and photosynthesis of Caulerpa (Chlorophyta) species from the eastern Mediterranean. Aquat. Bot.104: 106–110.10.1016/j.aquabot.2012.08.007Search in Google Scholar
UNEP. 1999. Proceedings of the Workshop on Invasive Caulerpa species in the Mediterranean. MAP Technical Report Series no. 125, Athens.Search in Google Scholar
Verlaque, M., C. Durand, J.M. Huisman, C.F. Boudouresque and Y. Le Parco. 2003. On the identity and origin of the Mediterranean invasive Caulerpa racemosa (Caulerpales, Chlorophyta). Eur. J. Phycol.38: 325–339.Search in Google Scholar
Wynne M.K., H. Verbruggen and D.L. Angel. 2009. The recognition of Caulerpa integerrima (Zanardini) comb. et stat. nov. (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) from the Red Sea. Phycologia48: 291–301.Search in Google Scholar
©2014 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Masthead
- Masthead
- Research articles
- Wound plug chemistry and morphology of two species of Caulerpa – a comparative Raman microscopy study
- Short-term effects of solar UV radiation and NO3- supply on the accumulation of mycosporine-like amino acids in Pyropia columbina (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) under spring ozone depletion in the sub-Antarctic region, Chile
- First record of the invasive red alga Polysiphonia morrowii Harvey (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) on the Patagonian shores of the Southwestern Atlantic
- Phylogenetic relationships of Dichotomaria (Nemaliales, Rhodophyta) with the proposal of Dichotomaria intermedia (R.C.Y. Chou) comb. nov.
- Two new Mastogloia species (Bacillariophyceae), M. parlibellioides and M. lyra, from coral reefs in Guam, Western Pacific1
- The importance of substratum and elevation in recruitment and persistence of ulvoid algal blooms on rocky intertidal shores of the southern Korean coast
- Short communication
- Molecular authentication of Caulerpa (Chlorophyta) species along the eastern (Israeli) Mediterranean shores
Articles in the same Issue
- Masthead
- Masthead
- Research articles
- Wound plug chemistry and morphology of two species of Caulerpa – a comparative Raman microscopy study
- Short-term effects of solar UV radiation and NO3- supply on the accumulation of mycosporine-like amino acids in Pyropia columbina (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) under spring ozone depletion in the sub-Antarctic region, Chile
- First record of the invasive red alga Polysiphonia morrowii Harvey (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) on the Patagonian shores of the Southwestern Atlantic
- Phylogenetic relationships of Dichotomaria (Nemaliales, Rhodophyta) with the proposal of Dichotomaria intermedia (R.C.Y. Chou) comb. nov.
- Two new Mastogloia species (Bacillariophyceae), M. parlibellioides and M. lyra, from coral reefs in Guam, Western Pacific1
- The importance of substratum and elevation in recruitment and persistence of ulvoid algal blooms on rocky intertidal shores of the southern Korean coast
- Short communication
- Molecular authentication of Caulerpa (Chlorophyta) species along the eastern (Israeli) Mediterranean shores