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Biomagnetic signals recorded during transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-evoked peripheral muscular activity

  • Geoffrey Z. Iwata , Yinan Hu EMAIL logo , Arne Wickenbrock , Tilmann Sander , Muthuraman Muthuraman ORCID logo , Venkata Chaitanya Chirumamilla , Sergiu Groppa , Qishan Liu and Dmitry Budker
Published/Copyright: August 15, 2022
Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik
From the journal Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik Volume 67 Issue 5

Abstract

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has widespread clinical applications from diagnosis to treatment. We combined TMS with non-contact magnetic detection of TMS-evoked muscle activity in peripheral limbs to explore a new diagnostic modality that enhances the utility of TMS as a clinical tool by leveraging technological advances in magnetometry. We recorded measurements in a regular hospital room using an array of optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) inside a portable shield that encloses only the forearm and hand of the subject. We present magnetomyograms (MMG)s of TMS-evoked movement in a human hand, together with a simultaneous surface electromyograph (EMG) data. The biomagnetic signals recorded in the MMG provides detailed spatial and temporal information that is complementary to that of the electric signal channels. Moreover, we identify features in the magnetic recording beyond that of the EMG. This system demonstrates the value of biomagnetic signals in TMS-based clinical approaches and widens its availability and practical potential.

Keywords: biomagnetic signals; magnetomyograms; optically pumped magnetometers; transcranial magnetic stimulation
Corresponding authors: Yinan Hu, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; and Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany, E-mail: ; and Muthuraman Muthuraman, Department of Neurology, Biomedical Statistics and Multimodal Signal Processing Unit, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany, E-mail:
Yinan Hu: co-first author. Geoffrey Z. Iwata and Yinan Hu contributed equally to this work.

Funding source: German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)

Award Identifier / Grant number: 13N15064

Award Identifier / Grant number: FKZ 13N14439

Funding source: Transregional Collaborative Research Center (CRC)

Award Identifier / Grant number: TR-128

Funding source: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)

Award Identifier / Grant number: FKZ 324668647

Award Identifier / Grant number: FO 703/2-1

  1. Research funding: The work was funded in part by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) within the Quantumtechnologien program (FKZ 13N14439 and 13N15064) and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) through the DIP program (FO 703/2-1) and the Other Instrumentation-Based Research Infrastructure program (FKZ 324668647). T.S. acknowledges the support of the Core Facility “Metrology of Ultra-Low Magnetic Fields” at Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, which receives funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG KO 5321/3-1 and TR 408/11-1). S.G acknowledges support from the Transregional Collaborative Research Center (CRC) TR-128. M.M acknowledges support from the Transregional Collaborative Research Center (CRC) TR-128 and the German research foundation (DFG) MU-4534-1/1.

  2. Author contributions: G.Z.I., Y.H., and A.W. conceived of, designed, and constructed the apparatus. Y.H., G.Z.I., T.S., M.M., V.C.C., S.G, and A.W. prepared and performed the experiments. G.Z.I., Y.H., M.M., Q.L., and V.C.C. analyzed the data. G.Z.I., M.M., and V.C.C. wrote the manuscript. M.M and S.G. advised and informed clinical aspects of the work. M.M, S.G., D.B., and A.W. supervised the work. All authors proofread and edited the manuscript. All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

  3. Competing interests: Authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individuals included in this study.

  5. Ethical approval: The local Institutional Review Board deemed the study exempt from review.

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Received: 2021-01-23
Accepted: 2022-07-11
Published Online: 2022-08-15
Published in Print: 2022-10-26

© 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

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https://doi.org/10.1515/bmt-2021-0019
Keywords for this article
biomagnetic signals; magnetomyograms; optically pumped magnetometers; transcranial magnetic stimulation

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Research Articles
  3. Biomagnetic signals recorded during transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-evoked peripheral muscular activity
  4. Analysis of pilots’ EEG map in take-off and landing tasks
  5. A method to detect sleep apnea using residual attention mechanism network from single-lead ECG signal
  6. A comparative study of the spectrogram, scalogram, melspectrogram and gammatonegram time-frequency representations for the classification of lung sounds using the ICBHI database based on CNNs
  7. Stratification of risk of atherosclerotic plaque using Hu’s moment invariants of segmented ultrasonic images
  8. A new method for successful indirect bonding in relation to bond strength
  9. Automatic landmark identification for surgical 3d-navigation – A proposed method for marker-free dental surgical navigation systems
  10. Mechanical response of different frameworks for maxillary all-on-four implant-supported fixed dental prosthesis: 3D finite element analysis
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