Biomechanical analysis of spinal implants with different rod diameters under static and fatigue loads: an experimental study

References

[1] Yoshihara H. Rods in spinal surgery: a review of the literature. Spine J 2013;13:1350–1358.10.1016/j.spinee.2013.04.022Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[2] Narita K, Niinomi M, Nakai M, Hieda J, Oribe K. Specific characteristics of mechanically and biologically compatible titanium alloy rods for use in spinal fixation applications. Mater Lett 2012;86:178–181.10.1016/j.matlet.2012.07.027Search in Google Scholar

[3] Haher TR, Yeung AW, Ottaviano DM, Merola AA, Caruso SA. The inverse effects of load transfer and load sharing on axial compressive stiffness. Spine J 2001;1:324–329.10.1016/S1529-9430(01)00052-3Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[4] La Rosa G, Clienti C, Mineo R, Audenino A. Experimental analysis of pedicle screws. Procedia Struct Integr 2016;2:1244–1251.10.1016/j.prostr.2016.06.159Search in Google Scholar

[5] Chao C-K, Hsu C-C, Wang J-L, Lin J. Increasing bending strength and pullout strength in conical pedicle screws: biomechanical tests and finite element analyses. J Spinal Disord Tech 2008;21:130–138.10.1097/BSD.0b013e318073cc4bSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

[6] Cook SD, Salkeld SL, Whitecloud III TS, Barbera J. Biomechanical evaluation and preliminary clinical experience with an expansive pedicle screw design. J Spinal Disord Tech 2000;13:230–236.10.1097/00002517-200006000-00006Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[7] Demir T, Camuşcu N. Design and performance of spinal fixation pedicle screw system. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2012;226:33–40.10.1177/0954411911427351Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[8] Derincek A, Wu C, Mehbod A, Transfeldt EE. Biomechanical comparison of anatomic trajectory pedicle screw versus injectable calcium sulfate graft-augmented pedicle screw for salvage in cadaveric thoracic bone. J Spinal Disord Tech 2006;19:286–291.10.1097/01.bsd.0000211203.31244.a0Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[9] Hsu CC, Chao CK, Wang JL, Hou SM, Tsai YT, Lin J. Increase of pullout strength of spinal pedicle screws with conical core: biomechanical tests and finite element analyses. J Orthop Res 2005;23:788–794.10.1016/j.orthres.2004.11.002Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[10] Krenn MH, Piotrowski WP, Penzkofer R, Augat P. Influence of thread design on pedicle screw fixation. J Neurosurg Spine 2008;9:90–95.10.3171/SPI/2008/9/7/090Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[11] Pfeiffer FM, Abernathie DL. A comparison of pullout strength for pedicle screws of different designs: a study using tapped and untapped pilot holes. Spine 2006;31:E867–E870.10.1097/01.brs.0000244658.35865.59Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[12] Stanford RE, Loefler AH, Stanford PM, Walsh WR. Multiaxial pedicle screw designs: static and dynamic mechanical testing. Spine 2004;29:367–375.10.1097/01.BRS.0000092369.50397.85Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[13] Chou W-K, Chien A, Wang J-L. Biomechanical analysis between PEEK and titanium screw-rods spinal construct subjected to fatigue loading. J Spinal Disord Tech 2015;28:E121–E125.10.1097/BSD.0000000000000176Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[14] La Barbera L, Ottardi C, Villa T. Comparative analysis of international standards for the fatigue testing of posterior spinal fixation systems: the importance of preload in ISO 12189. Spine J 2015;15:2290–2296.10.1016/j.spinee.2015.07.461Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[15] Slivka MA, Fan YK, Eck JC. The effect of contouring on fatigue strength of spinal rods: is it okay to re-bend and which materials are best? Spine Deform 2013;1:395–400.10.1016/j.jspd.2013.08.004Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[16] Villa T, La Barbera L, Galbusera F. Comparative analysis of international standards for the fatigue testing of posterior spinal fixation systems. Spine J 2014;14:695–704.10.1016/j.spinee.2013.08.032Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[17] Yamanaka K, Mori M, Yamazaki K, Kumagai R, Doita M, Chiba A. Analysis of the fracture mechanism of Ti-6Al-4V alloy rods that failed clinically after spinal instrumentation surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2015;40:E767–E773.10.1097/BRS.0000000000000881Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[18] Lindsey C, Deviren V, Xu Z, Yeh R-F, Puttlitz CM. The effects of rod contouring on spinal construct fatigue strength. Spine 2006;31:1680–1687.10.1097/01.brs.0000224177.97846.00Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[19] Nguyen T, Buckley J, Ames C, Deviren V. The fatigue life of contoured cobalt chrome posterior spinal fusion rods. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2011;225:194–198.10.1243/09544119JEIM763Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[20] Dick JC, Bourgeault CA. Notch sensitivity of titanium alloy, commercially pure titanium, and stainless steel spinal implants. Spine 2001;26:1668–1672.10.1097/00007632-200108010-00008Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[21] Wedemeyer M, Parent S, Mahar A, Odell T, Swimmer T, Newton P. Titanium versus stainless steel for anterior spinal fusions: an analysis of rod stress as a predictor of rod breakage during physiologic loading in a bovine model. Spine 2007;32:42–48.10.1097/01.brs.0000251036.99413.20Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[22] Scheer JK, Tang JA, Deviren V, Buckley JM, Pekmezci M, McClellan RT, et al. Biomechanical analysis of cervicothoracic junction osteototomy in cadaveric model of ankylosing spondylitis: effect of rod material and diameter. ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference: American Society of Mechanical Engineers; 2010. p. 825–826.10.1115/SBC2010-19130Search in Google Scholar

[23] Cui Y, Lewis G, Qi G. Numerical analysis of models of the standard TSRH spinal instrumentation: effect of rod cross-sectional shape. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2002;5:75–80.10.1080/10255840290008097Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[24] Glassman SD, Bazzi J, Puno RM, Dimar JR. The durability of small-diameter rods in lumbar spinal fusion. J Spinal Disord 2000;13:165–167.10.1097/00002517-200004000-00012Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[25] Yoon SH, Ugrinow VL, Upasani VV, Pawelek JB, Newton PO. Comparison between 4.0-mm stainless steel and 4.75-mm titanium alloy single-rod spinal instrumentation for anterior thoracoscopic scoliosis surgery. Spine 2008;33:2173–2178.10.1097/BRS.0b013e31817f9415Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[26] Facchinello Y, Brailovski V, Petit Y, Brummund M, Tremblay J, Mac-Thiong J-M. Biomechanical assessment of the stabilization capacity of monolithic spinal rods with different flexural stiffness and anchoring arrangement. Clin Biomech 2015;30:1026–1035.10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2015.09.011Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[27] Tahal D, Madhavan K, Chieng LO, Ghobrial GM, Wang MY. Metals in spine. World Neurosurg 2017;100:619–627.10.1016/j.wneu.2016.12.105Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[28] Kwak D, Slivka M. Biomechanical characterization of cobalt-chromium alloy spinal rods. Raynham, MA: DePuy Spine I; 2009.Search in Google Scholar

[29] ASTM F1717-13, Standard Test Methods for Spinal Implant Constructs in a Vertebrectomy Model. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International; 2013. Available from: www.astm.org.Search in Google Scholar

[30] La Barbera L, Galbusera F, Villa T, Costa F, Wilke H-J. ASTM F1717 standard for the preclinical evaluation of posterior spinal fixators: can we improve it? Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2014;228:1014–1026.10.1177/0954411914554244Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[31] La Barbera L, Galbusera F, Wilke H-J, Villa T. Preclinical evaluation of posterior spine stabilization devices: can the current standards represent basic everyday life activities? Eur Spine J 2016;25:2909–2918.10.1007/s00586-016-4622-1Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[32] La Barbera L, Galbusera F, Wilke H-J, Villa T. Preclinical evaluation of posterior spine stabilization devices: can we compare in vitro and in vivo loads on the instrumentation? Eur Spine J 2017;26:200–209.10.1007/s00586-016-4766-zSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

[33] La Barbera L, Villa T. Toward the definition of a new worst-case paradigm for the preclinical evaluation of posterior spine stabilization devices. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2017;231:176–185.10.1177/0954411916684365Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[34] Abul-Kasim K, Karlsson MK, Ohlin A. Increased rod stiffness improves the degree of deformity correction by segmental pedicle screw fixation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Scoliosis 2011;6:13.10.1186/1748-7161-6-13Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[35] Asher MA, Carson WL, Hardacker JW, Lark RG, Lai SM. The effect of arthrodesis, implant stiffness, and time on the canine lumbar spine. Clin Spine Surg 2007;20:549–559.10.1097/BSD.0b013e31804c98e5Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[36] Bono CM, Lee CK. Critical analysis of trends in fusion for degenerative disc disease over the past 20 years: influence of technique on fusion rate and clinical outcome. Spine 2004;29:455–63.10.1097/01.BRS.0000090825.94611.28Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[37] McAfee PC, Farey ID, Sutterlin CE, Gurr KR, Warden KE, Cunningham BW. 1989 Volvo Award in basic science. Device-related osteoporosis with spinal instrumentation. Spine 1989;14:919–926.10.1097/00007632-198909000-00003Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[38] McAfee PC, Farey ID, Sutterlin CE, Gurr KR, Warden KE, Cunningham BW. The effect of spinal implant rigidity on vertebral bone density. A canine model. Spine 1991;16:S190–S197.10.1097/00007632-199106001-00003Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[39] Craven TG, Carson WL, Asher MA, Robinson RG. The effects of implant stiffness on the bypassed bone mineral density and facet fusion stiffness of the canine spine. Spine 1994;19: 1664–1673.10.1097/00007632-199408000-00003Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[40] Lehmann TR, Spratt KF, Tozzi JE, Weinstein JN, Reinarz SJ, El-Khoury GY, et al. Long-term follow-up of lower lumbar fusion patients. Spine 1987;12:97–104.10.1097/00007632-198703000-00004Search in Google Scholar PubMed