Electro-spun PLA-PEG-yarns for tissue engineering applications
-
Magnus Kruse
Abstract
Electro-spinning is widely used in tissue-engineered applications mostly in form of non-woven structures. The development of e-spun yarn opens the door for textile fabrics which combine the micro to nanoscale dimension of electro-spun filaments with three-dimensional (3D) drapable textile fabrics. Therefore, the aim of the study was the implementation of a process for electro-spun yarns. Polylactic acid (PLA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) were spun from chloroform solutions with varying PLA/PEG ratios (100:0, 90:10, 75:25 and 50:50). The yarn samples produced were analyzed regarding their morphology, tensile strength, water uptake and cytocompatibility. It was found that the yarn diameter decreased when the funnel collector rotation was increasd, however, the fiber diameter was not influenced. The tensile strength was also found to be dependent on the PEG content. While samples composed of 100% PLA showed a tensile strength of 2.5±0.7 cN/tex, the tensile strength increased with a decreasing PLA content (PLA 75%/PEG 25%) to 6.2±0.5 cN/tex. The variation of the PEG content also influenced the viscosity of the spinning solutions. The investigation of the cytocompatibility with endothelial cells was conducted for PLA/PEG 90:10 and 75:25 and indicated that the samples are cytocompatible.
Author Statement
Research funding: This research project was supported by the START-Program (VascuGarn) of the Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen. The authors carry the responsibility for the content of this publication.
Conflict of interest: Authors state no conflict of interest.
Informed consent: Informed consent is not applicable.
Ethical approval: The conducted research is not related to either human or animals use.
References
[1] Liu W, Thomopoulos S, Xia Y. Electrospun nanofibers for regenerative medicine. Adv Healthc Mater 2012;1:10–25.10.1002/adhm.201100021Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
[2] Pham Q, Sharma U, Mikos A. Electrospinning of polymeric nanofibers for tissue engineering applications: a review. Tissue Eng 2006;12:1197–211.10.1089/ten.2006.12.1197Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[3] Amini G, Banitaba SN, Gharehaghaji AA. Imparting strength into nanofiberous yarn by adhesive bonding. Int J Adhes Adhes 2017;75:96–100.10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2017.02.020Search in Google Scholar
[4] Greiner A, Wendorff JH. Electrospinning: a fascinating method for the preparation of ultrathin fibers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007;46:5670–703.10.1002/anie.200604646Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[5] Kai D, Jin G, Prabhakaran MP, Ramakrishna S. Electrospun synthetic and natural nanofibers for regenerative medicine and stem cells. Biotechnol J 2013;8:59–72.10.1002/biot.201200249Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[6] Kishan AP, Cosgriff-Hernandez EM. Recent advancements in electrospinning design for tissue engineering applications: a review. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017;105:2892–905.10.1002/jbm.a.36124Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[7] Maleki H, Gharehaghaji AA, Toliyat T, Dijkstra PJ. Drug release behavior of electrospun twisted yarns as implantable medical devices. Biofabrication 2016;8:35019.10.1088/1758-5090/8/3/035019Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[8] Asghari Mooneghi S, Gharehaghaji AA, Hosseini-Toudeshky H, Torkaman G. Tensile fatigue behavior of polyamide 66 nanofiber yarns. Polym Eng Sci 2015;55:1805–11.10.1002/pen.24019Search in Google Scholar
[9] Ali U, Niu H, Abbas A, Shao H, Lin T. Online stretching of directly electrospun nanofiber yarns. RSC Adv 2016;6:30564–9.10.1039/C6RA01856DSearch in Google Scholar
[10] Shuakat MN, Lin T. Recent developments in electrospinning of nanofiber yarns. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2014;14:1389–408.10.1166/jnn.2014.9197Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[11] Tsai CC, Gu Y, Kornev KG. Wetting of nanofiber yarns. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2014;459:22–30.10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.06.037Search in Google Scholar
[12] Tsai CC, Mikes P, Andrukh T, White E, Monaenkova D, Burtovyy O, et al. Nanoporous artificial proboscis for probing minute amount of liquids. Nanoscale 2011;3:4685.10.1039/c1nr10773aSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
[13] Yan T, Pan Z. High conductivity electrospun carbon/graphene composite nanofiber yarns. Polym Eng Sci 2017;28:325.10.1002/pen.24643Search in Google Scholar
[14] Maleki H, Gharehaghaji AA, Moroni L, Dijkstra P. Influence of the solvent type on the morphology and mechanical properties of electrospun PLLA yarns. Biofabrication 2013;5:35014.10.1088/1758-5082/5/3/035014Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[15] Maleki H, Gharehaghaji AA, Criscenti G, Moroni L, Dijkstra PJ. The influence of process parameters on the properties of electrospun PLLA yarns studied by the response surface methodology. J Appl Polym Sci 2015;132:41388.10.1002/app.41388Search in Google Scholar
[16] Shao W, He J, Han Q, Sang F, Wang Q, Chen L, et al. A biomimetic multilayer nanofiber fabric fabricated by electrospinning and textile technology from polylactic acid and Tussah silk fibroin as a scaffold for bone tissue engineering. Materials science & engineering. C, Mater Biologic Appl 2016;67:599–610.10.1016/j.msec.2016.05.081Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[17] Ishii D, Ying TH, Mahara A, Murakami S, Yamaoka T, Lee W-K, et al. In vivo tissue response and degradation behavior of PLLA and stereocomplexed PLA Nanofibers. Biomacromolecules 2009;10:237–42.10.1021/bm8009363Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[18] Ramdhanie LI, Aubuchon SR, Boland ED, Knapp DC, Barnes CP, Simpson DG, et al. Thermal and mechanical characterization of electrospun blends of poly(lactic acid) and poly(glycolic acid). Polym J 2006;38:1137–45.10.1295/polymj.PJ2006062Search in Google Scholar
[19] Corbion Purac Biomaterials: physical properties datasheet 04. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Corbion.Search in Google Scholar
[20] Ulery BD, Nair LS, Laurencin CT. Biomedical applications of biodegradable polymers. J Polym Sci B Polym Phys 2011;49:832–64.10.1002/polb.22259Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
[21] Aboutalebi Anaraki N, Roshanfekr Rad L, Irani M, Haririan I. Fabrication of PLA/PEG/MWCNT electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds for anticancer drug delivery. J Appl Polym Sci 2015;132:3.10.1002/app.41286Search in Google Scholar
[22] Yamaoka T, Tabata Y, Ikad Y. Distribution and tissue uptake of poly(ethylene glycol) with different molecular weights after intravenous administration to mice. J Pharm Sci 1994;83:601–6.10.1002/jps.2600830432Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[23] Rashkov I, Manolova N, Li SM, Espartero JL, Vert M. Synthesis, characterization, and hydrolytic degradation of PLA/PEO/PLA triblock copolymers with short poly(L-lactic acid) chains. Macromolecules 1996;29:50–6.10.1021/ma950530tSearch in Google Scholar
[24] Ali U, Zhou Y, Wang X, Lin T. Direct electrospinning of highly twisted, continuous nanofiber yarns. J Text I 2012;103: 80–8.10.1080/00405000.2011.552254Search in Google Scholar
[25] Fridrikh SV, Yu JH, Brenner MP, Rutledge GC. Controlling the fiber diameter during electrospinning. Phys Rev Lett 2003;90:144502.10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.144502Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[26] Fong H, Chun I, Reneker DH. Beaded nanofibers formed during electrospinning. Polymer 1999;40:4585–92.10.1016/S0032-3861(99)00068-3Search in Google Scholar
[27] Maleki H, Barani H. Morphological and mechanical properties of drawn poly(l-lactide) electrospun twisted yarns. Polym Eng Sci 2017;43:50.10.1002/pen.24671Search in Google Scholar
[28] Li D, Pan X, Sun B, Wu T, Chen W, Huang C, et al. Nerve conduits constructed by electrospun P(LLA-CL) nanofibers and PLLA nanofiber yarns. J Mater Chem B 2015;3:8823–31.10.1039/C5TB01402FSearch in Google Scholar
[29] Bhattarai SR, Bhattarai N, Viswanathamurthi P, Yi HK, Hwang PH, Kim HY. Hydrophilic nanofibrous structure of polylactide; fabrication and cell affinity. J Biomed Mater Res A 2006;78:247–57.10.1002/jbm.a.30695Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[30] Hu Y, Hu YS, Topolkaraev V, Hiltner A, Baer E. Aging of poly(lactide)/poly(ethylene glycol) blends. Part 2. Poly(lactide) with high stereoregularity. Polymer 2003;44:5711–20.10.1016/S0032-3861(03)00615-3Search in Google Scholar
©2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- The role of textile engineering in regenerative medicine
- Research articles
- Fibrous composite material for textile heart valve design: in vitro assessment
- Electro-spun PLA-PEG-yarns for tissue engineering applications
- Preparation, characterization and blood compatibility assessment of a novel electrospun nanocomposite comprising polyurethane and ayurvedic-indhulekha oil for tissue engineering applications
- Three-dimensional bioglass-collagen-phosphatidylserine scaffolds designed with functionally graded structure and mechanical features
- Differential mineralization of human dental pulp stem cells on diverse polymers
- Heart valves from polyester fibers: a preliminary 6-month in vivo study
- Adaptation of cardiovascular system stent implants
- Synthesizing selenium- and silver-substituted hydroxyapatite-based bone grafts and their effects on antibacterial efficiency and cell viability
- Long-term recording performance and biocompatibility of chronically implanted cylindrically-shaped, polymer-based neural interfaces
- Morphology and contractile gene expression of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in response to short-term cyclic uniaxial strain and TGF-β1
- A novel ceramic tibial component is as safe as its metal counterpart
- Short communication
- Hybrid textile heart valve prosthesis: preliminary in vitro evaluation
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- The role of textile engineering in regenerative medicine
- Research articles
- Fibrous composite material for textile heart valve design: in vitro assessment
- Electro-spun PLA-PEG-yarns for tissue engineering applications
- Preparation, characterization and blood compatibility assessment of a novel electrospun nanocomposite comprising polyurethane and ayurvedic-indhulekha oil for tissue engineering applications
- Three-dimensional bioglass-collagen-phosphatidylserine scaffolds designed with functionally graded structure and mechanical features
- Differential mineralization of human dental pulp stem cells on diverse polymers
- Heart valves from polyester fibers: a preliminary 6-month in vivo study
- Adaptation of cardiovascular system stent implants
- Synthesizing selenium- and silver-substituted hydroxyapatite-based bone grafts and their effects on antibacterial efficiency and cell viability
- Long-term recording performance and biocompatibility of chronically implanted cylindrically-shaped, polymer-based neural interfaces
- Morphology and contractile gene expression of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in response to short-term cyclic uniaxial strain and TGF-β1
- A novel ceramic tibial component is as safe as its metal counterpart
- Short communication
- Hybrid textile heart valve prosthesis: preliminary in vitro evaluation
