Home In vivo degradation of magnesium alloy LA63 scaffolds for temporary stabilization of biological myocardial grafts in a swine model
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

In vivo degradation of magnesium alloy LA63 scaffolds for temporary stabilization of biological myocardial grafts in a swine model

  • Tobias Schilling EMAIL logo , Gudrun Brandes , Igor Tudorache , Serghei Cebotari , Andres Hilfiker , Tanja Meyer , Christian Biskup , Michael Bauer , Karl-Heinz Waldmann , Friedrich-Wilhelm Bach , Axel Haverich and Thomas Hassel
Published/Copyright: August 29, 2013

Abstract

Synthetic or biological patch materials used for surgical myocardial reconstruction are often fragile. Therefore, a transient support by degradable magnesium scaffolds can reduce the risk of dilation or rupture of the patch until physiological remodeling has led to a sufficient mechanical durability. However, there is evidence that magnesium implants can influence the growth and physiological behavior of the host’s cells and tissue. Hence, we epicardially implanted scaffolds of the magnesium fluoride-coated magnesium alloy LA63 in a swine model to assess biocompatibility and degradation kinetics. Chemical analysis of the pigs’ organs revealed no toxic accumulation of magnesium ions in the skeletal muscle, myocardium, liver, kidney, and bone of the pigs 1, 3, and 6 months postimplantation. The implants were surrounded by a fibrous granulation tissue, but no signs of necrosis were histologically evaluable. A sufficiently slow degradation rate of the magnesium alloy scaffold can be demonstrated via micro-computed tomography investigation. We conclude that stabilizing scaffolds of the magnesium fluoride-coated magnesium alloy LA63 can be used for epicardial application because no significant adverse effects to myocardial tissue were noted. Thus, degradable stabilizing scaffolds of this magnesium alloy with a slow degradation rate can extend the indication of innovative biological and synthetic patch materials.


Corresponding author: Tobias Schilling, MD, Klinik für Herz-, Thorax-, Transplantations- und Gefäßchirurgie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany, Phone: +49-511-532-6584, Fax: +49-511-532-5404, E-mail:

The project is funded by the German Research Foundation (Collaborative Research Center (SFB) 599/ Project R7). The excellent technical assistance of Christian Klose (Institute of Material Science, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany) and Elke Mallon (Institute of Cell Biology in the Center of Anatomy, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany) is highly appreciated. We are very grateful to Dr. Petra Wolf (Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany) for analyzing the concentration of magnesium ions in the explanted tissues.

References

[1] Adhyapak SM, Parachuri VR. Architecture of the left ventricle: insights for optimal surgical ventricular restoration. Heart Fail Rev 2010; 15: 73–83.10.1007/s10741-009-9151-0Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[2] Anderson JM, Rodriguez A, Chang DT. Foreign body reaction to biomaterials. Semin Immunol 2008; 20: 86–100.10.1016/j.smim.2007.11.004Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[3] Becaria A, Campbell A, Bondy SC. Aluminum as a toxicant. Toxicol Ind Health 2002; 18: 309–320.10.1191/0748233702th157oaSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

[4] Bondarenko A, Hewicker-Trautwein M, Erdmann N, Angrisani N, Reifenrath J, Meyer-Lindenberg A. Comparison of morphological changes in efferent lymph nodes after implantation of resorbable and non-resorbable implants in rabbits. Biomed Eng Online 2011; 10: 32.10.1186/1475-925X-10-32Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[5] Buckberg GD. Form versus disease: optimizing geometry during ventricular restoration. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2006; 29: S238–S244.10.1016/j.ejcts.2006.02.015Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[6] Bush VJ, Moyer TP, Batts KP, Parisi JE. Essential and toxic element concentrations in fresh and formalin-fixed human autopsy tissues. Clin Chem 1995; 41: 284–294.10.1093/clinchem/41.2.284Search in Google Scholar

[7] Chiu KY, Wong MH, Cheng FT, Man HC. Characterization and corrosion studies of fluoride conversion coating on degradable Mg implants. Surf Coat Technol 2007; 202: 590–598.10.1016/j.surfcoat.2007.06.035Search in Google Scholar

[8] Daniels AU, Chang MK, Andriano KP. Mechanical properties of biodegradable polymers and composites proposed for internal fixation of bone. J Appl Biomater 1990; 1: 57–78.10.1002/jab.770010109Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[9] Drynda A, Seibt J, Hassel T, Bach FW, Peuster M. Biocompatibility of fluoride-coated magnesium-calcium alloys with optimized degradation kinetics in a subcutaneous mouse model. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 101: 33–43.10.1002/jbm.a.34300Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[10] Dziuba D, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Seitz JM, Waizy H, Angrisani N, Reifenrath J. Long-term in vivo degradation behaviour and biocompatibility of the magnesium alloy ZEK100 for use as a biodegradable bone implant. Acta Biomater 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.08.028.10.1016/j.actbio.2012.08.028Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[11] Erdmann N, Bondarenko A, Hewicker-Trautwein M, et al. Evaluation of the soft tissue biocompatibility of MgCa0.8 and surgical steel 316L in vivo: a comparative study in rabbits. Biomed Eng Online 2010; 9: 63.10.1186/1475-925X-9-63Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[12] Feyerabend F, Witte F, Kammal M, Willumeit R. Unphysiologically high magnesium concentrations support chondrocyte proliferation and redifferentiation. Tissue Eng 2006; 12: 3545–3556.10.1089/ten.2006.12.3545Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[13] Huehnerschulte TA, Reifenrath J, von RB, et al. In vivo assessment of the host reactions to the biodegradation of the two novel magnesium alloys ZEK100 and AX30 in an animal model. Biomed Eng Online 2012; 11: 14.10.1186/1475-925X-11-14Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[14] Janning C, Willbold E, Vogt C, et al. Magnesium hydroxide temporarily enhancing osteoblast activity and decreasing the osteoclast number in peri-implant bone remodelling. Acta Biomater 2010; 6: 1861–1868.10.1016/j.actbio.2009.12.037Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[15] Kirkland NT, Birbilis N, Staiger MP. Assessing the corrosion of biodegradable magnesium implants: a critical review of current methodologies and their limitations. Acta Biomater 2012; 8: 925–936.10.1016/j.actbio.2011.11.014Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[16] Kirkland NT, Waterman J, Birbilis N, et al. Buffer-regulated biocorrosion of pure magnesium. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2012; 23: 283–291.10.1007/s10856-011-4517-ySearch in Google Scholar PubMed

[17] Klein MD, Herman MV, Gorlin R. A hemodynamic study of left ventricular aneurysm. Circulation 1967; 35: 614–630.10.1161/01.CIR.35.4.614Search in Google Scholar

[18] Kuhlmann J, Bartsch I, Willbold E, et al. Fast escape of hydrogen from gas cavities around corroding magnesium implants. Acta Biomater 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.10.008.10.1016/j.actbio.2012.10.008Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[19] Likoff W, Bailey CP. Ventriculoplasty: excision of myocardial aneurysm; report of a successful case. J Am Med Assoc 1955; 158: 915–920.10.1001/jama.1955.02960110021006Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[20] Makar GL, Kruger J. Corrosion of magnesium. Int Mater Rev 1993; 38: 138–153.10.1179/imr.1993.38.3.138Search in Google Scholar

[21] McKnight RF, Adida M, Budge K, Stockton S, Goodwin GM, Geddes JR. Lithium toxicity profile: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 2012; 379: 721–728.10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61516-XSearch in Google Scholar

[22] Moravej M, Mantovani D. Biodegradable metals for cardiovascular stent application: interests and new opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12: 4250–4270.10.3390/ijms12074250Search in Google Scholar

[23] Nakaya Y, Suzuki M, Uehara M, et al. Absence of negative feedback on intestinal magnesium absorption on excessive magnesium administration in rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2009; 55: 332–337.10.3177/jnsv.55.332Search in Google Scholar

[24] Oh SH, Lee JH. Hydrophilization of synthetic biodegradable polymer scaffolds for improved cell/tissue compatibility. Biomed Mater 2013; 8: 014101.10.1088/1748-6041/8/1/014101Search in Google Scholar

[25] Persaud-Sharma D, McGoron A. Biodegradable magnesium alloys: a review of material development and applications. J Biomim Biomater Tissue Eng 2012; 12: 25–39.10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.12.25Search in Google Scholar

[26] Razak S, Sharif N, Rahman W. Biodegradable polymers and their bone applications: a review. Int J Basic Appl Sci IJBAS-IJENS 2012; 12: 31–49.Search in Google Scholar

[27] Sarko J. Bone and mineral metabolism. Emerg Med Clin North Am 2005; 23: 703–21, viii.10.1016/j.emc.2005.03.017Search in Google Scholar

[28] Schilling T, Cebotari S, Tudorache I, Haverich A. Tissue engineering of vascularized myocardial prosthetic tissue. Biological and solid matrices. Chirurg 2011; 82: 319–324.10.1007/s00104-010-2032-1Search in Google Scholar

[29] Seitz JM, Collier K, Wulf E, Bormann D, Bach FW. Comparison of the corrosion behavior of coated and uncoated magnesium alloys in an in vitro corrosion environment. Adv Eng Mater 2011; 13: B313–B323.10.1002/adem.201080144Search in Google Scholar

[30] Shive MS, Anderson JM. Biodegradation and biocompatibility of PLA and PLGA microspheres. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 1997; 28: 5–24.10.1016/S0169-409X(97)00048-3Search in Google Scholar

[31] Song G, Atrens A. Corrosion mechanisms of magnesium alloys. Adv Eng Mater 2000; 1: 11–33.10.1002/(SICI)1527-2648(199909)1:1<11::AID-ADEM11>3.0.CO;2-NSearch in Google Scholar

[32] Thomann M, Krause C, Angrisani N, et al. Influence of a magnesium-fluoride coating of magnesium-based implants (MgCa0.8) on degradation in a rabbit model. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 93: 1609–1619.Search in Google Scholar

[33] von der Höh N, Rechenberg von B, Bormann D, Lucas A, Meyer-Lindenberg A. Influence of different surface machining treatments of resorbable magnesium alloy implants on degradation – EDX-analysis and histology results. Mat-Wiss u Werkstofftech 2009; 40: 88–93.10.1002/mawe.200800378Search in Google Scholar

[34] Williams AR, Hatzistergos KE, Addicott B, et al. Enhanced effect of combining human cardiac stem cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to reduce infarct size and to restore cardiac function after myocardial infarction. Circulation 2013; 127: 213–223.10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.131110Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[35] Witte F, Fischer J, Nellesen J, et al. In vitro and in vivo corrosion measurements of magnesium alloys. Biomaterials 2006; 27: 1013–1018.10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.07.037Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[36] Witte F, Fischer J, Nellesen J, et al. In vivo corrosion and corrosion protection of magnesium alloy LAE442. Acta Biomater 2010; 6: 1792–1799.10.1016/j.actbio.2009.10.012Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[37] Witte F, Hort N, Vogt C, et al. Degradable biomaterials based on magnesium corrosion. Curr Opin Sold State Mater Sci 2009; 12: 63–72.10.1016/j.cossms.2009.04.001Search in Google Scholar

[38] Witte F, Kaese V, Haferkamp H, et al. In vivo corrosion of four magnesium alloys and the associated bone response. Biomaterials 2005; 26: 3557–3563.10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.09.049Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[39] Witte F, Ulrich H, Rudert M, Willbold E. Biodegradable magnesium scaffolds: part 1: appropriate inflammatory response. J Biomed Mater Res A 2007; 81: 748–756.10.1002/jbm.a.31170Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Received: 2013-5-30
Accepted: 2013-7-19
Published Online: 2013-08-29
Published in Print: 2013-10-01

©2013 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin Boston

Downloaded on 30.11.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/bmt-2012-0047/html
Scroll to top button