Abstract
Accurately estimating biodiversity is fundamental to ecological understanding and prediction. Helminthes are often neglected in biodiversity estimates and when included are often underestimated. Here we examine how sampling effort affects estimates of parasite diversity in an assemblage of freshwater fish from a floodplain in Brazil. We also examine how ecological and behavioral factors influence the sampling effort necessary to accurately estimate the parasite diversity associated with a fish species. We use our dataset to suggest that host species with wide geographic distribution (i.e., long migrations), gregarious behavior (i.e., shoal), larger body size, higher population density, wide diet breadth (i.e., omnivorous), and autochthonous origin, increase the effort necessary to estimate the total diversity of parasites. However, estimating this parasitic fauna has several restrictions and limitations, due to the highly complex of the floodplain ecosystems, with non-linear and non-random responses.
Acknowledgments
We wish to thank all the coworkers of the ictioparasitology Laboratory at The State University of Maringá/UEM who have made available the biological data and Dr. Carolina Minte-Vera for encourage our investigation. We also thank John McLaughlin (Parasite ecology group at University of California, Santa Barbara/UCSB) for help with the critical reading of the manuscript. We are so grateful to Nucleus of Research in Limnology, Ichthyology and Aquaculture/NUPELIA of UEM for the facilities offered for the development of this work. Fábio H. Yamada and Ricardo M. Takemoto were supported by a research fellowship from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/CNPq (142697/2008-7 and 312847/2014-9, respectively).
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© 2017 W. Stefański Institute of Parasitology, PAS
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- Review
- Pseudopecoelus mccauleyi n. sp. and Podocotyle sp. (Digenea: Opecoelidae) from the deep waters off Oregon and British Columbia with an updated key to the species of Pseudopecoelus von Wicklen, 1946 and checklist of parasites from Lycodes cortezianus (Perciformes: Zoarcidae)
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- PCR denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis as a useful method to identify of intestinal bacteria flora in Haemaphysalis flava ticks
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- The discovery of acanthocephalans parasitizing chaetognaths
- Redescription of Philometra margolisiMoravec, Vidal-Martínez et Aguirre-Macedo, 1995 (Nematoda: Philometridae), a gonad-infecting parasite of the red grouper Epinephelus morio (Serranidae) in the Gulf of Mexico
- Nematode parasites of the Chilean Flamingo, Phoenicopterus chilensis (Phoenicopteridae) from Central Argentina, with a description of a new species of Tetrameres (Tetrameridae)
- Molecular evidence and additional morphological characters to distinguish Ornithodoros brodyi and Ornithodoros yumatensis (Ixodida: Argasidae) in their different developmental stages
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