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Towards temperature controlled retinal laser treatment with a single laser at 10 kHz repetition rate

  • Mario Mordmüller EMAIL logo , Viktoria Kleyman , Manuel Schaller , Mitsuru Wilson , Dirk Theisen-Kunde , Karl Worthmann , Matthias A. Müller und Ralf Brinkmann
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 22. November 2021
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Advanced Optical Technologies
Aus der Zeitschrift Advanced Optical Technologies Band 10 Heft 6

Abstract

Laser photocoagulation is one of the most frequently used treatment approaches in ophthalmology for a variety of retinal diseases. Depending on indication, treatment intensity varies from application of specific micro injuries down to gentle temperature increases without inducing cell damage. Especially for the latter, proper energy dosing is still a challenging issue, which mostly relies on the physician’s experience. Pulsed laser photoacoustic temperature measurement has already proven its ability for automated irradiation control during laser treatment but suffers from a comparatively high instrumental effort due to combination with a conventional continuous wave treatment laser. In this paper, a simplified setup with a single pulsed laser at 10 kHz repetition rate is presented. The setup combines the instrumentation for treatment as well as temperature measurement and control in a single device. In order to compare the solely pulsed heating with continuous wave (cw) tissue heating, pulse energies of 4 µJ were applied with a repetition rate of 1 kHz to probe the temperature rise, respectively. With the same average laser power of 60 mW an almost identical temporal temperature course was retrieved in both irradiation modes as expected. The ability to reach and maintain a chosen aim temperature of 41 °C is demonstrated by means of model predictive control (MPC) and extended Kalman filtering at a the measurement rate of 250 Hz with an accuracy of less than ±0.1 °C. A major advantage of optimization-based control techniques like MPC is their capability of rigorously ensuring constraints, e.g., temperature limits, and thus, realizing a more reliable and secure temperature control during retinal laser irradiation.

Keywords: extended Kalman filter; laser-coagulation; model predictive control; ophthalmology; photo-acoustics
Corresponding author: Mario Mordmüller, Institute of Biomedical Optics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany, E-mail:

Funding source: German Research Foundation (DFG)

Award Identifier / Grant number: MU 3929/3-1, WO 2056/7-1, BR 1349/6-1

Acknowledgments

We also gratefully acknowledge C. Kren and V. Danicke from the Medical laser Center Lübeck for supporting this work.

  1. Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

  2. Research funding: This work is funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) under the project number 430154635 (MU 3929/3-1, WO 2056/7-1, BR 1349/6-1).

  3. Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.

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Received: 2021-08-23
Accepted: 2021-10-29
Published Online: 2021-11-22
Published in Print: 2021-12-20

© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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  4. Topical Issue: Lasers in Ophthalmology; Guest Editor: Holger Lubatschowski
  5. Editorial
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  15. Towards temperature controlled retinal laser treatment with a single laser at 10 kHz repetition rate
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https://doi.org/10.1515/aot-2021-0041
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
extended Kalman filter; laser-coagulation; model predictive control; ophthalmology; photo-acoustics

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Community
  3. Preview: ICO World Congress of optics and photonics 2022
  4. Topical Issue: Lasers in Ophthalmology; Guest Editor: Holger Lubatschowski
  5. Editorial
  6. Lasers in ophthalmology
  7. Views
  8. Analytical optimization of the laser induced refractive index change (LIRIC) process: maximizing LIRIC without reaching the damage threshold
  9. Tutorial
  10. Probing biomechanical properties of the cornea with air-puff-based techniques – an overview
  11. Review Article
  12. Femtosecond lasers for eye surgery applications: historical overview and modern low pulse energy concepts
  13. Research Articles
  14. Effect of laser beam truncation (pinhole), (ordered) dithering, and jitter on residual smoothness after poly(methyl methacrylate) ablations, using a close-to-Gaussian beam profile
  15. Towards temperature controlled retinal laser treatment with a single laser at 10 kHz repetition rate
  16. A simple cornea deformation model
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