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Freeform surface descriptions. Part II: Application benchmark

  • Anika Broemel

    Anika Broemel studied Physics at the Friedrich-Schiller University Jena. She received her diploma in the field of Thin-Film Physics in 2010. She then joined the Institute of Photonic Technology to work on optical filters for THz applications. Since 2014, she has been working in the Optical System Design Group at the Institute of Applied Physics in Jena. Her main research interest is surface descriptions for freeform systems.

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    , Chang Liu

    Chang Liu obtained her bachelor’s degree in Optical Information Science and Technology at the Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China. She later received her master’s degree in Photonics at the University of Jena, Germany, in 2015. Now, she is pursuing her PhD in the Optical System Design Group at the University of Jena. Her main research field is imaging system design.

    , Yi Zhong

    Yi Zhong received her bachelor’s degree in Applied Physics from Nankai University, Tianjin, China, in 2011. In 2014, she finished her master’s study in Abbe School of Photonics from Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Germany. She joined the Optical System Design Group at the Institute of Applied Physics in University Jena during her master’s study, and since 2014, she has been a PhD student in this group. Her main research areas are freeform optics, Scheimpflug systems, off-axis mirror system design, initial system design methods, and aberration theory.

    , Yueqian Zhang

    Yueqian Zhang did his undergraduate study in Optical Engineering at Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. He received his master’s degree in Photonics from Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Germany, in 2015. Since 2016, he has been working in the Optical Design Group at the Institute of Applied Physics in Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena. His research interests are classical system design, microscopic application, and system development.

    and Herbert Gross

    Herbert Gross studied Physics at the University of Stuttgart. He received his PhD on laser simulation in 1995. He joined Carl Zeiss in 1982 where he worked as a scientist in optical design, modeling, and simulation. From 1995 to 2010, he headed the central department of optical design and simulation. Since 2012, he has been a professor at the University of Jena in the Institute of Applied Physics and holds a chair of Optical System Design. His main working areas are physical optical simulations, beam propagation, partial coherence, classical optical design, aberration theory, system development, and metrology. He was editor and main author of the book series ‘Handbook of Optical systems’.

Published/Copyright: July 28, 2017
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Abstract

Optical systems can benefit strongly from freeform surfaces; however, the choice of the right representation is not trivial, and many aspects must be considered. Many possibilities to formulate the surface equations in detail are available, but the experience with these newer representations is rather limited. Therefore, in this work, the focus is to investigate the performance of several classical descriptions as well as one extended freeform surface description in their performance in concrete design optimization tasks. There are different influencing factors characterizing the surface representations, the basic shape, the boundary function, the symmetry, a projection factor, as well as the deformation term describing higher order contributions. We discuss some possibilities and the consequences of describing and using these options with success. These surface representations were chosen to evaluate their impact on all these aspects in the design process. As criteria to distinguish the various options, the convergence over the polynomial orders, as well as the quality of the final solutions, is considered. As a result, recommendations for the right choice of freeform surface representations for practical issues in the optimization of optical systems can be given under restrictions of the benchmark assumptions.

About the authors

Anika Broemel

Anika Broemel studied Physics at the Friedrich-Schiller University Jena. She received her diploma in the field of Thin-Film Physics in 2010. She then joined the Institute of Photonic Technology to work on optical filters for THz applications. Since 2014, she has been working in the Optical System Design Group at the Institute of Applied Physics in Jena. Her main research interest is surface descriptions for freeform systems.

Chang Liu

Chang Liu obtained her bachelor’s degree in Optical Information Science and Technology at the Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China. She later received her master’s degree in Photonics at the University of Jena, Germany, in 2015. Now, she is pursuing her PhD in the Optical System Design Group at the University of Jena. Her main research field is imaging system design.

Yi Zhong

Yi Zhong received her bachelor’s degree in Applied Physics from Nankai University, Tianjin, China, in 2011. In 2014, she finished her master’s study in Abbe School of Photonics from Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Germany. She joined the Optical System Design Group at the Institute of Applied Physics in University Jena during her master’s study, and since 2014, she has been a PhD student in this group. Her main research areas are freeform optics, Scheimpflug systems, off-axis mirror system design, initial system design methods, and aberration theory.

Yueqian Zhang

Yueqian Zhang did his undergraduate study in Optical Engineering at Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. He received his master’s degree in Photonics from Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Germany, in 2015. Since 2016, he has been working in the Optical Design Group at the Institute of Applied Physics in Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena. His research interests are classical system design, microscopic application, and system development.

Herbert Gross

Herbert Gross studied Physics at the University of Stuttgart. He received his PhD on laser simulation in 1995. He joined Carl Zeiss in 1982 where he worked as a scientist in optical design, modeling, and simulation. From 1995 to 2010, he headed the central department of optical design and simulation. Since 2012, he has been a professor at the University of Jena in the Institute of Applied Physics and holds a chair of Optical System Design. His main working areas are physical optical simulations, beam propagation, partial coherence, classical optical design, aberration theory, system development, and metrology. He was editor and main author of the book series ‘Handbook of Optical systems’.

Acknowledgment

We authors would like to thank Yusuf Sekman, Uwe Lippmann, and Johannes Stock for valuable discussions throughout the work on this publication. Thanks to Bo Chen for providing the data for his HMD design. We would also like to thank the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) (03WKCK1D) for funding this work, as part of the project ‘fo+’.

References

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Received: 2017-4-13
Accepted: 2017-6-23
Published Online: 2017-7-28
Published in Print: 2017-10-26

©2017 THOSS Media & De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston

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