Abstract
This article probes the allegorical potential of Anita Desai’s Clear Light of Day (1980) and Irina Liebmann’s Die freien Frauen (2004), two family narratives which are set in the contexts of Indian/Pakistani and East/West German partition respectively. By appropriating Frederic Jameson’s contested concept of the ‘national allegory’ as a tool that is useful beyond his limited notion of its exclusive applicability to ‘Third World Literature’, I argue that both the Indian and the German text complicate a clear demarcation of private and public spheres. An examination of three themes shared by both novels – the breakdown of communication, the significance assigned to space, and the interplay of personal and collective memory – reveals the intensely political subtext of two narratives that have mostly been considered subjective, gendered explorations of familial past. Situated in this comparative approach, Clear Light of Day and Die freien Frauen mutually highlight the ways in which each text resists a generalising, official version of history and prove their relevance within the discussion of partition literature.
Works Cited
Adorno, Theodor W. 2003. “The Meaning of Working Through the Past”. Trans by. Henry W. Pickford. In: Rolf Tiedemann (ed.). Can One Live After Auschwitz? A Psychological Reader. Stanford: Stanford University Press. 3–18.Search in Google Scholar
Ahmad, Aijaz. 1987. “Jameson’s Rhetoric of Otherness and the ‘National Allegory’”. Social Text 17: 3–25.10.2307/466475Search in Google Scholar
Armstrong, Nancy. 1987. Desire and Domestic Fiction: A Political History of the Novel. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Brockmann, Stephen. 2007. “Berlin as the literary capital of German unification”. In: Stuart Taberner (ed.). Contemporary German Fiction: Writing in the Berlin Republic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 39–55.10.1017/CBO9780511485886.004Search in Google Scholar
Butalia, Urvashi. 2001. “An Archive with a Difference: Partition Letters”. In: Suvir Kaul (ed.). The Partitions of Memory: The Afterlife of the Division of India. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 208–241.Search in Google Scholar
Cleary, Joe. 2002. Literature, Partition and the Nation State: Culture and Conflict in Ireland, Israel and Palestine. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511483110Search in Google Scholar
Desai, Anita. 2001. Clear Light of Day. London: Vintage.Search in Google Scholar
Demas Bliss, Corinne. 1988. “Against the Current: A Conversation with Anita Desai”. The Massachusetts Review 3: 521–537.Search in Google Scholar
Dengel-Janic, Ellen. 2011. “Home Fiction”: Narrating Gendered Space in Anita Desai’s and Shahsi Deshpande’s Novels. Würzburg: Köngishausen & Neumann.Search in Google Scholar
Gupta, Ramesh Kumar. 2002. The Novels of Anita Desai: A Feminist Perspective. New Delhi: Atlantic.Search in Google Scholar
Ho, Elaine Yee Lin. 2006. Anita Desai. Horndon: Northcote.10.2307/j.ctv5rf48bSearch in Google Scholar
Jameson, Frederic. 1986. “Third World Literature in the Era of Multinational Capitalism”. Social Text 15: 65–88.10.2307/466493Search in Google Scholar
Jassal, Smita Tewari and Eyal Ben-Ari. 2007. “The Partition Motif: Concepts, Comparisons, Considerations”. In: Smita Tewari Jassal and Eyal Ben-Ari (eds.). The Partition Motif in Contemporary Conflicts. London: Sage. 19–51.Search in Google Scholar
Kaul, Suvir. 2001. “Introduction”. In: Suvir Kaul (ed.). The Partitions of Memory: The Afterlife of the Division of India. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 1–29.Search in Google Scholar
Khan, Yasmin. 2007. The Great Partition: The Making of India and Pakistan. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Khanna, Shashi. 1995. Human Relationships in Anita Desai’s Novels. New Delhi: Sarup & Sons.Search in Google Scholar
Köhler, Astrid. 2007. Brückenschläge: DDR-Autoren vor und nach der Wiedervereinigung. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.Search in Google Scholar
LaCom, Cindy. 2002. “Revising the Subject: Disability as ‘Third Dimension’ in Clear Light of Day and You Have Come Back”. NWSA 14: 138–145.10.1353/nwsa.2003.0011Search in Google Scholar
Liebmann, Irina. 2004. Die freien Frauen. Berlin: Berlin.Search in Google Scholar
Marven, Lyn. 2010. “German literature in the Berlin Republic – writing by women”. In: Stuart Taberner (ed.). Contemporary German Fiction: Writing in the Berlin Republic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 159–175.10.1017/CBO9780511485886.011Search in Google Scholar
Narayan, Shyamala A. and Jon Mee. 2003. “The Novelists of the 1950s and 1960s”. In: Arvind Krishna Mehrotra (ed.). A History of Indian Literature in English. London: C. Hurst. 219–321.Search in Google Scholar
Pandey, Gyanendra. 2001. Remembering Partition: Violence, Nationalism and History in India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511613173Search in Google Scholar
Pfister, Eva. 2005. “Teuer erkaufte Freiheit: Irina Liebmann: Die freien Frauen”. Deutschlandfunk January 4. <http://www.dradio.de/dlf/sendungen/buechermarkt/337165/> [accessed November 16, 2014].Search in Google Scholar
Reichart, Manuela. 2004. “Kartoffelsalat aus dem Plastikeimer”. Berliner Zeitung October 21. <http://www.berliner-zeitung.de/archiv/irina-liebmann-traeumt-von-freien-frauen-und-schlechten-muettern-kartoffelsalat-aus-dem-plastikeimer,10810590,10224082.html> [accessed November 16, 2014].Search in Google Scholar
Roy, Rituparna. 2010. South Asian Partition Fiction in English: From Kushwant Singh to Amitav Ghosh. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.10.5117/9789089642455Search in Google Scholar
Rushdie, Salman. 1991. “Anita Desai”. In Imaginary Homelands: Essays and Criticism 1981–91. London: Granta Books. 72–83.Search in Google Scholar
Sali, Sudhakar T. 2006. Anita Desai’s Female Protagonists. New Delhi: Adhyayan.Search in Google Scholar
Sharma, Kajali. 1991. Symbolism in Anita Desai’s Novels. New Delhi: Abhinav.Search in Google Scholar
Smale, Catherine. 2013. Phantom Images: The Figure of the Ghost in the Work of Christa Wolf and Irina Liebmann. London: Modern Humanities Research Association.Search in Google Scholar
Stančić, Mirjana and Frank Hoffmann. 2012. “Wende, Romane: Plaudereien in nationalen Wartesälen – zur Grundlegung der Konferenz”. In: Frank Hoffmann (ed.). “Die Erfahrung der Freiheit”: Beiträge zu einer Kulturgeschichte der Europäischen Revolution 1989/91. Berlin: LIT. 17–36.Search in Google Scholar
Swain, S. P. 2008. “The Alienated Self: A Study of Anita Desai’s Clear Light of Day”. In: Manmohan K. Bhatnagar and M. Rajeshwar (eds.). The Novels of Anita Desai: A Critical Study. New Delhi: Atlantic. 50–62.Search in Google Scholar
Szeman, Imre. 2001. “Who’s Afraid of National Allegory? Jameson, Literary Criticism and Globalization”. The South Atlantic Quarterly 100: 803–827.Search in Google Scholar
© 2015 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Frontmatter
- Articles
- Aphra Behn’s The Widow Ranter: Theatrical Heroics in a Strange New World
- “Schlafrock und Pantoffeln! Not that! Never!” – Glimpses of Germany in Joseph Conrad’s Non-Fiction
- “What are you like to come home to?” Domesticity in Postwar British Women’s Poetry and Fiction, 1945–1960
- Partition in the Private Sphere: Family Narratives as Vehicles for the Trauma of National History in Anita Desai’s Clear Light of Day and Irina Liebmann’s Die freien Frauen
- Chris Womersley’s Bereft: Ghosts that Dwell on the Margins of Traumatic Memory
- Reviews
- Don Ringe and Joseph F. Eska. Historical Linguistics: Toward a Twenty-First Century Reintegration. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013, xiii + 313 pp., 11 figures, 77 tables, £ 22.99/$ 39.99.
- Merja Stenroos, Martti Mäkinen and Inge Særheim (eds.). Language Contact and Development around the North Sea. Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 321. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: Benjamins, 2012, xvi + 235 pp., € 105.00/$ 158.00.
- Dominik Kuhn (ed.). Der lateinisch-altenglische Libellus precum in der Handschrift London, British Library, Arundel 155. Münchener Universitätsschriften. Texte und Untersuchungen zur Englischen Philologie 41. Frankfurt am Main: Lang, 2014, 387 pp., 8 illustr., € 72.95/£ 55.00/$ 88.95.
- M. R. Rambaran-Olm. John the Baptist’s Prayer or The Descent into Hell from the Exeter Book: Text, Translation and Critical Study. Anglo-Saxon Studies 21. Cambridge: Brewer, 2014, ix + 249 pp., 18 illustr., £ 60.00.
- Field, P. J. C. (ed.). Sir Thomas Malory: Le Morte Darthur. 2 vols. I: Text, II: Apparatus, Commentary, Glossary and Index of Names. Arthurian Studies 80. Cambridge: Brewer, 2013, xliii + 940 pp./xxxi + 988 pp., £ 150.00.
- Brigitte Johanna Glaser and Barbara Puschmann-Nalenz (eds.). Narrating Loss: Representations of Mourning, Nostalgia and Melancholia in Contemporary Anglophone Fictions. Trier: Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Trier, 2014, 338 pp., € 37.50.
- Vera Nünning (ed.). New Approaches to Narrative: Cognition – Culture – History. Trier: Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Trier, 2013, 239 pp., 3 figures, 2 tables, € 25.00.
- Birgit M. Bauridl. Betwixt, between, or beyond? Negotiating Transformations from the Liminal Sphere of Contemporary Black Performance Poetry. American Studies – A Monograph Series 215. Heidelberg: Winter, 2013, xi + 326 pp., € 48.00.
- Nadja Gernalzick and Gabriele Pisarz-Ramirez (eds.). Transmediality and Transculturality. American Studies – A Monograph Series 233. Heidelberg: Winter, 2013, xxvi + 444 pp., € 52.00.
- Cecile Sandten, Gunter Süß and Melanie Graichen (eds.). Detective Fiction and Popular Visual Culture. CHAT – Chemnitzer Anglistik/Amerikanistik Today 4. Trier: Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Trier, 2013, 256 pp., € 29.50.
- Books Received
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Frontmatter
- Articles
- Aphra Behn’s The Widow Ranter: Theatrical Heroics in a Strange New World
- “Schlafrock und Pantoffeln! Not that! Never!” – Glimpses of Germany in Joseph Conrad’s Non-Fiction
- “What are you like to come home to?” Domesticity in Postwar British Women’s Poetry and Fiction, 1945–1960
- Partition in the Private Sphere: Family Narratives as Vehicles for the Trauma of National History in Anita Desai’s Clear Light of Day and Irina Liebmann’s Die freien Frauen
- Chris Womersley’s Bereft: Ghosts that Dwell on the Margins of Traumatic Memory
- Reviews
- Don Ringe and Joseph F. Eska. Historical Linguistics: Toward a Twenty-First Century Reintegration. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013, xiii + 313 pp., 11 figures, 77 tables, £ 22.99/$ 39.99.
- Merja Stenroos, Martti Mäkinen and Inge Særheim (eds.). Language Contact and Development around the North Sea. Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 321. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: Benjamins, 2012, xvi + 235 pp., € 105.00/$ 158.00.
- Dominik Kuhn (ed.). Der lateinisch-altenglische Libellus precum in der Handschrift London, British Library, Arundel 155. Münchener Universitätsschriften. Texte und Untersuchungen zur Englischen Philologie 41. Frankfurt am Main: Lang, 2014, 387 pp., 8 illustr., € 72.95/£ 55.00/$ 88.95.
- M. R. Rambaran-Olm. John the Baptist’s Prayer or The Descent into Hell from the Exeter Book: Text, Translation and Critical Study. Anglo-Saxon Studies 21. Cambridge: Brewer, 2014, ix + 249 pp., 18 illustr., £ 60.00.
- Field, P. J. C. (ed.). Sir Thomas Malory: Le Morte Darthur. 2 vols. I: Text, II: Apparatus, Commentary, Glossary and Index of Names. Arthurian Studies 80. Cambridge: Brewer, 2013, xliii + 940 pp./xxxi + 988 pp., £ 150.00.
- Brigitte Johanna Glaser and Barbara Puschmann-Nalenz (eds.). Narrating Loss: Representations of Mourning, Nostalgia and Melancholia in Contemporary Anglophone Fictions. Trier: Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Trier, 2014, 338 pp., € 37.50.
- Vera Nünning (ed.). New Approaches to Narrative: Cognition – Culture – History. Trier: Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Trier, 2013, 239 pp., 3 figures, 2 tables, € 25.00.
- Birgit M. Bauridl. Betwixt, between, or beyond? Negotiating Transformations from the Liminal Sphere of Contemporary Black Performance Poetry. American Studies – A Monograph Series 215. Heidelberg: Winter, 2013, xi + 326 pp., € 48.00.
- Nadja Gernalzick and Gabriele Pisarz-Ramirez (eds.). Transmediality and Transculturality. American Studies – A Monograph Series 233. Heidelberg: Winter, 2013, xxvi + 444 pp., € 52.00.
- Cecile Sandten, Gunter Süß and Melanie Graichen (eds.). Detective Fiction and Popular Visual Culture. CHAT – Chemnitzer Anglistik/Amerikanistik Today 4. Trier: Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Trier, 2013, 256 pp., € 29.50.
- Books Received