Changes in color and structure of birch wood (Betula pendula) caused by bleaching with hydrogen peroxide solution
-
Kirsi Mononen
Abstract
The effect of bleaching with a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution on coloring of secondary xylem of kiln-dried birch wood (B. pendula) was investigated with CIELAB color measurements. Structure of unbleached and bleached wood pieces was studied by light microscopy (LM), environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, hardness and surface roughness of unbleached and bleached wood pieces were characterized with Brinell hardness and contact angle measurements. The results indicated that surface bleaching with H2O2 solution changed the color of birch wood toward white and less red, simultaneously increasing the porosity and roughness of the uppermost surface as well as decreasing the hardness of bleached wood pieces. With embedding bleaching for 24 h with H2O2, the color of the wood pieces could be changed further; however, microscale defects were detected in fiber secondary cell walls. Consequently, complementary to results obtained from microscopic studies, lower hardness values supported the degradation of fiber secondary cell wall in bleached wood pieces. In addition, contact angle measurements indicated increased surface roughness of wood pieces after embedding bleaching with H2O2.
References
Côté, W.A., Jr. (1984) The structure of wood and wood cell wall. In: Principles of Wood Science and Technology. Vol. 1: Solid Wood. Eds. Kollmann, F.F.P. Côté, W.A., Jr. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg. pp. 1–54.Suche in Google Scholar
European Standard (1999) prEN 1534:1999(E). Wood flooring (including parquet) – Test method – Resistance to indentation (Brinell).Suche in Google Scholar
Fujita, M., Harada, H. (1991) Ultrastructure and formation of wood cell wall. In: Wood and Cellulosics Chemistry. Part 1: Structure and Chemistry. Eds. Hon, D.N.-S., Shiraishi N. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York. pp. 3–58.Suche in Google Scholar
Gardner, D.J., Generalla, N.C., Gunnels D.W., Wolcott, M.P. (1991) Dynamic wettability of wood. Langmuir7:2498–2502.10.1021/la00059a017Suche in Google Scholar
Gierer, J. (1990) Basic principles of bleaching. Part 1. Cationic and radical processes. Holzforschung44:387–394.Suche in Google Scholar
Harada, H., Côté, W.A., Jr. (1985) Structure of wood. In: Biosynthesis and Biodegradation of Wood Components. Ed. Higuchi, T. Academic Press, Orlando. pp. 1–42.10.1016/B978-0-12-347880-1.50005-2Suche in Google Scholar
Kadla, J. F., Chang H.-M., Jameel, H. (1997) The reactions of lignins with hydrogen peroxide at high temperature. Part 1. The oxidation of lignin model compounds. Holzforschung51:428–434.Suche in Google Scholar
Kadla, J.F., Chang, H.-M., Jameel, H. (1999) The reactions of lignins with high temperature hydrogen peroxide. Part 2. The oxidation of kraft lignin. Holzforschung53:277–284.Suche in Google Scholar
Kishimoto T., Kadla, J.F., Chang, H.-M., Jameel, H. (2003) The reactions of lignin model compounds with hydrogen peroxide at low pH. Holzforschung57:52–58.10.1515/HF.2003.008Suche in Google Scholar
Kollman, F.F.P. (1984) Mechanics and rheology of wood. In: Principles of Wood Science and Technology. Eds. Kollman, F.F.P., Côté, W.A., Jr. Springer-Verlag. Heidelberg. pp. 403–407.Suche in Google Scholar
Lee, B. Maristany, G.A., Brunner, C.C., Morrell, J.J. (1995) Removing fungal stain from ponderosa pine by caustic bleaching. For. Prod. J.45:56–60.Suche in Google Scholar
Malvaranta, P. (2003) Control method for quality factors of the surface of whole wood. US Patent 6 531 190. Altonic Co., Hämeenlinna, Finland.Suche in Google Scholar
de Meijer, M., Haemers, S., Cobben, W., Militz, H. (2000) Surface energy determinations of wood: comparison of methods and wood species. Langmuir16:9352–9359.10.1021/la001080nSuche in Google Scholar
Mononen, K., Alvila, L., Pakkanen, T.T. (2002) CIEL*a*b* measurements to determine the role of felling season, log storage and kiln drying on coloration of silver birch wood. Scand. J. For. Res.17:179–191.10.1080/028275802753626827Suche in Google Scholar
Möttönen, V., Asikainen, A., Malvaranta, P., Öykkönen, M. (2003) Peroxide bleaching of parquet blocks and glue lams. Holzforschung57:75–80.10.1515/HF.2003.012Suche in Google Scholar
Ozcifci, A., Atar, M., Uysal, B. (1999) The effects of wood bleaching chemical on the surface gloss and the adhesion strength of varnishes. Turk. J. Agric. For.23(Suppl 3):763–770.Suche in Google Scholar
Pétrissans, M., Gérardin, P., El Bakali, I., Serraj M. (2003) Wettability of heat-treated wood. Holzforschung57:301–307.10.1515/HF.2003.045Suche in Google Scholar
Scheikl, M., Dunky, M. (1998) Measurement of dynamic and static contact angles of wood for the determination of its surface tension and the penetration of liquids into the wood surface. Holzforschung52:89–94.10.1515/hfsg.1998.52.1.89Suche in Google Scholar
Scheikl, M., Dunky, M. (1996) Softwarenunterstützte statische und dynamische Kontaktwinkelmeßmethoden bei der Benetzung von Holz. Holz Roh Werkst.54:113–117.10.1007/s001070050149Suche in Google Scholar
Stehr, M., Gardner D.J., Wålinder, M.E.P. (2001) Dynamic wettability of different machined wood surfaces. J. Adhesion76:185–200.10.1080/00218460108029625Suche in Google Scholar
Uysal, B., Somnez, A., Atar, M., Ozcifci, A. (1999) Bleaching on wood color changing effects of varnishes. Turk. J. Agric. For.23(Suppl 4):849–854.Suche in Google Scholar
Wålinder, M.E.P., Ström, G. (2001) Measurement of wood wettability by the Wilhelmy method. Holzforschung55:33–41.Suche in Google Scholar
Winfield, P.H., Harris, A.F., Hutchinson, A.R. (2001) The use of flame ionisation technology to improve the wettability and adhesion properties of wood. Int. J. Adhes. Adhes.21:107–114.10.1016/S0143-7496(00)00040-3Suche in Google Scholar
Xu, E.C., Hoddenbagh, M. (2003) Alkaline peroxide bleaching of aspen chips. Part I: Kinetics, mechanism and thermodynamics. J. Pulp Pap. Sci.29:155–158.Suche in Google Scholar
©2004 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin New York
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Effect of juvenile wood on strength properties and dimensional stability of black spruce medium-density fiberboard panels
- Hot-pressing stress graded aspen veneer for laminated veneer lumber (LVL)
- Internal stresses in glulam due to moisture gradients in the grain direction
- Influence of grain direction in vibrational wood welding
- Evaluation of heat-treated wood swelling by differential scanning calorimetry in relation to chemical composition
- Wettability changes and mass loss during heat treatment of wood
- Inverse analysis of the transient bound water diffusion in wood
- The creep of wood destabilized by change in moisture content. Part 2: The creep behaviors of wood during and immediately after adsorption
- On some physical properties of six aspen clones
- Changes in color and structure of birch wood (Betula pendula) caused by bleaching with hydrogen peroxide solution
- Enhanced wet tensile paper properties via dielectric-barrier discharge
- Survival of bacteria on wood and plastic particles: Dependence on wood species and environmental conditions
- Microdistribution of copper in copper-ethanolamine (Cu-EA) treated southern yellow pine (Pinus spp.) related to density distribution
- Investigations on ribosomal DNA of indoor wood decay fungi for their characterization and identification
- Bioactive phenolic substances in important tree species. Part 3: Knots and stemwood of Acacia crassicarpa and A. mangium
- Cellulose microfibrils: A novel method of preparation using high shear refining and cryocrushing
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Effect of juvenile wood on strength properties and dimensional stability of black spruce medium-density fiberboard panels
- Hot-pressing stress graded aspen veneer for laminated veneer lumber (LVL)
- Internal stresses in glulam due to moisture gradients in the grain direction
- Influence of grain direction in vibrational wood welding
- Evaluation of heat-treated wood swelling by differential scanning calorimetry in relation to chemical composition
- Wettability changes and mass loss during heat treatment of wood
- Inverse analysis of the transient bound water diffusion in wood
- The creep of wood destabilized by change in moisture content. Part 2: The creep behaviors of wood during and immediately after adsorption
- On some physical properties of six aspen clones
- Changes in color and structure of birch wood (Betula pendula) caused by bleaching with hydrogen peroxide solution
- Enhanced wet tensile paper properties via dielectric-barrier discharge
- Survival of bacteria on wood and plastic particles: Dependence on wood species and environmental conditions
- Microdistribution of copper in copper-ethanolamine (Cu-EA) treated southern yellow pine (Pinus spp.) related to density distribution
- Investigations on ribosomal DNA of indoor wood decay fungi for their characterization and identification
- Bioactive phenolic substances in important tree species. Part 3: Knots and stemwood of Acacia crassicarpa and A. mangium
- Cellulose microfibrils: A novel method of preparation using high shear refining and cryocrushing
