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Instabilities in the System NMMO/Water/Cellulose (Lyocell Process) Caused by Polonowski Type Reactions

  • Thomas Rosenau , Antje Potthast , Andreas Hofinger , Herbert Sixta and Paul Kosma
Published/Copyright: June 1, 2005
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Holzforschung
From the journal Volume 56 Issue 2

Summary

Polonowski type degradation reactions are a major reason for the frequently observed instability of solutions of cellulose in N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide monohydrate (NMMO, 1). The degradation is induced by degradation products of cellulose and NMMO generated in situ in the Lyocell system. The presence of both an amine component, such as morpholine or N-methylmorpholine, and an acid component is required for the decomposition process to proceed. The latter might be a low-molecular-weight compound, such as formic acid, acetic acid or gluconic acid, or also a high-molecular-weight acid, such as polyglucuronic acid or ion exchange resin.

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Published Online: 2005-06-01
Published in Print: 2002-03-12

Copyright © 2002 by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG

Articles in the same Issue

  1. High Variability in the Thickness of the S3 Layer in Pinus radiata Tracheids
  2. Intra- and Inter-Tree Variability of Moisture Content in Standing Sessile Oak (Quercus petraea Liebl.)
  3. Depletion of CCA-C from Ground-Contact Wood: Results from Two Field Sites with Significantly Different Soils
  4. Reaction Characteristics on the Green Surface of Moso Bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel) Treated with Chromated Phosphate
  5. The Organosolv Fractionation of Cork Components
  6. Identification of New Hydroxy Fatty Acids and Ferulic Acid Esters in the Wood of Eucalyptus globulus
  7. The Pyridine-Catalysed Acylation of Pine Sapwood and Phenolic Model Compounds with Carboxylic Acid Anhydrides. Determination of Activation Energies and Entropy of Activation
  8. Characterization of the Residual Lignins in Pinus taeda Biodegraded by Ceriporiopsis subvermispora by Using in situ CuO Oxidation and DFRC Methods
  9. Klason Lignin: Modifications to Improve the Precision of the Standardized Determination
  10. Softwood Bark Pyrolysis Oil-PF Resols. Part 1. Resin Synthesis and OSB Mechanical Properties
  11. Surface Area Characterization of Several Woodpulps by Humidity Adsorption
  12. A Comparative CP/MAS 13C-NMR Study of the Supermolecular Structure of Polysaccharides in Sulphite and Kraft Pulps
  13. Mass Transfer Characteristics of Western Hemlock and Western Red Cedar
  14. Fracture Behaviour of Modified Spruce Wood: A Study Using Linear and Non Linear Fracture Mechanics
  15. Instabilities in the System NMMO/Water/Cellulose (Lyocell Process) Caused by Polonowski Type Reactions
  16. Effects of Retention and Distribution of Fire Retardant Chemical on Performance of Fire Retardant Treated China Fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) Wood
  17. Examination of the Penetration of Polymeric Methylene Di-Phenyl-Di-Isocyanate (pMDI) into Wood Structure Using Chemical-State X-Ray Microscopy
  18. Literature Reports
https://doi.org/10.1515/HF.2002.033

Articles in the same Issue

  1. High Variability in the Thickness of the S3 Layer in Pinus radiata Tracheids
  2. Intra- and Inter-Tree Variability of Moisture Content in Standing Sessile Oak (Quercus petraea Liebl.)
  3. Depletion of CCA-C from Ground-Contact Wood: Results from Two Field Sites with Significantly Different Soils
  4. Reaction Characteristics on the Green Surface of Moso Bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel) Treated with Chromated Phosphate
  5. The Organosolv Fractionation of Cork Components
  6. Identification of New Hydroxy Fatty Acids and Ferulic Acid Esters in the Wood of Eucalyptus globulus
  7. The Pyridine-Catalysed Acylation of Pine Sapwood and Phenolic Model Compounds with Carboxylic Acid Anhydrides. Determination of Activation Energies and Entropy of Activation
  8. Characterization of the Residual Lignins in Pinus taeda Biodegraded by Ceriporiopsis subvermispora by Using in situ CuO Oxidation and DFRC Methods
  9. Klason Lignin: Modifications to Improve the Precision of the Standardized Determination
  10. Softwood Bark Pyrolysis Oil-PF Resols. Part 1. Resin Synthesis and OSB Mechanical Properties
  11. Surface Area Characterization of Several Woodpulps by Humidity Adsorption
  12. A Comparative CP/MAS 13C-NMR Study of the Supermolecular Structure of Polysaccharides in Sulphite and Kraft Pulps
  13. Mass Transfer Characteristics of Western Hemlock and Western Red Cedar
  14. Fracture Behaviour of Modified Spruce Wood: A Study Using Linear and Non Linear Fracture Mechanics
  15. Instabilities in the System NMMO/Water/Cellulose (Lyocell Process) Caused by Polonowski Type Reactions
  16. Effects of Retention and Distribution of Fire Retardant Chemical on Performance of Fire Retardant Treated China Fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) Wood
  17. Examination of the Penetration of Polymeric Methylene Di-Phenyl-Di-Isocyanate (pMDI) into Wood Structure Using Chemical-State X-Ray Microscopy
  18. Literature Reports
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